Deck 24: Digestive System

Question 1

Stratified squamous epithelium is not found in which of the following parts of the digestive system?

A) The mouth
B) The oropharynx
C) The esophagus
D) The liver
E) The anal canal

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The enzyme pepsin digests which of the following?

A) Nucleic acids
B) Proteins
C) Lipids
D) Vitamins
E) Carbohydrates

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which of the following is replaced by the adventitia in the esophagus?

A) Mucosa
B) Mucous membrane
C) Submucosa
D) Serosa
E) Lamina propria

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following consists of the propelling and wave-like movements of the digestive tract?

A) Peristalsis
B) Mastication
C) Pendular movements
D) Segmentation
E) Churning movements

Question 5

How many pairs of major salivary glands secrete into the oral cavity?

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
E) 7

Question 6

Which of the following chemical substances in the mouth acts as a local antibiotic?

A) Defensin
B) Mucin
C) Lysozyme
D) Amylase
E) Pepsin

Question 7

Which of the following describes the pink ridge that surrounds the bases of the teeth?

A) Faux
B) Uvula
C) Alveolus
D) Gingiva
E) Vestibule

Question 8

Cholecystokinin is a hormone that is released from which of the following parts of the digestive system?

A) Liver
B) Duodenum
C) Stomach
D) Cecum
E) Pancreas

Question 9

Which of the following is not a major component of gastric juices?

A) Intrinsic factor
B) Pepsinogen
C) Hydrochloric acid
D) Secretin
E) Mucus

Question 10

The bonds that involve amino acids, such as arginine and lysine, are broken by which of the following?

A) Trypsin
B) Dipeptidase
C) Phospholipid
D) Ascorbic acid
E) Pepsin

Question 11

Which of the following are essential fatty acids?

A) Cholesterol and glycerol
B) Linolenic acid and chylomicron
C) Linoleic acid and leucine
D) Linoleic acid and linolenic acid
E) Triglycerides and cholesterol

Question 12

Which of the following is not stored in the liver?

A) Iron
B) Cobalamin
C) Glycogen
D) Vitamin D
E) Insulin

Question 13

Which of the following is true about the esophagus?

A) It releases digestive enzymes that begin the digestion of peptides.
B) It has a thick lining that will tolerate stomach acid.
C) It extends from the fauces to the stomach.
D) It functions in the digestion of fats.
E) It is a muscular tube.

Question 14

Which of the following is secreted by the enteroendocrine cells of the stomach?

A) Enterokinase
B) Pepsin
C) Secretin
D) Gastrin
E) Cholecystokinin

Question 15

Which of the following is true during deglutition?

A) The upper esophageal sphincter opens and the soft palate elevates.
B) The larynx elevates and the epiglottis opens.
C) The stomach contracts and rugae appear.
D) Peristalsis discontinues and the lower esophageal sphincter opens.
E) Heartburn causes the upper esophageal sphincter to open.

Question 16

The dome-shaped part of the stomach that is superior to the esophageal junction is called the:

A) body.
B) antrum.
C) fundus.
D) cardia.
E) pylorus.

Question 17

Which of the following is the large area of the stomach, below the fundus, that is continuous inferiorly with the pyloric region?

A) Body
B) Superolateral
C) Pylorus
D) Antrum
E) Cardia

Question 18

Which of the following describes the gastric pits?

A) Located in the esophagus
B) The area where proteins are digested
C) Involved in the absorption of liquids from the stomach
D) Pockets in the lining of the stomach that contain secretory cells
E) Ridges in the body of the stomach

Question 19

Which of the following is an enzyme in the stomachs of newborn infants that digests milk protein?

A) Gastrin
B) Cholecystokinin
C) Rennin
D) Trypsin
E) Pepsin

Question 20

The parietal cells secrete which of the following?

A) Hydrochloric acid
B) Pepsinogen
C) Pepsin
D) Serotonin
E) Histamine

Question 21

Which of the following substances is released by the chief cells of the gastric glands?

A) Hydrochloric acid
B) Serotonin
C) Pepsinogen
D) Gastrin
E) Intrinsic factor

Question 22

Which of the following stimulates the migrating motor complex of the proximal duodenum?

A) Somatostatin
B) Secretin
C) Serotonin
D) Gastrin
E) Motilin

Question 23

Which of the following is essential for the absorption of vitamin B₁₂ in the small intestine?

A) Gastrin
B) Intrinsic factor
C) Motilin
D) Secretin
E) Hydrochloric acid

Question 24

Which of the following cells strengthen the defenses of the small intestine?

A) Paneth cells
B) Stem cells
C) Enteroendocrine cells
D) Goblet cells
E) Enterocytes

Question 25

Which of the following stabilizes the liver?

A) Diaphragm
B) Mesentery proper
C) Lesser omentum
D) Falciform ligament
E) Greater omentum

Question 26

The human liver is composed of how many lobes?

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
E) 6

Question 27

Which of the following is not a function of hepatocytes?

A) Detoxification
B) Storing fat-soluble vitamins
C) Producing bile
D) Secreting growth factor
E) Producing digestive enzymes

Question 28

The salivary glands produce approximately how many liters of saliva per day?

A) 1.1
B) 1.5
C) 1.8
D) 2.0
E) 2.5

Question 29

Which of the following is the essential role of bacteria in the large intestine?

A) Forming vitamins K and B₁₂
B) Producing gas
C) Absorbing bilirubin
D) Removing fat-soluble vitamins
E) Releasing various enzymes

Question 30

Maltose is broken down into two molecules of glucose by the enzyme __________.

Question 31

A patient with cirrhosis of the liver has a firm, rounded abdomen upon admission; this is clinically known as __________.

Question 32

Chyme is created in the __________ by physical and chemical degradation of foods.

Question 33

The enzymatic breakdown of any type of food molecule is called __________.

Question 34

The ducts that deliver bile and pancreatic juice from the liver and pancreas, respectively, unite to form the hepatopancreatic __________.

Question 35

__________ cells of the stomach produce hydrochloric acid.

Question 36

Nervous control of gastric secretion is provided by the __________ nerve and enteric plexus.

Question 37

The lingual frenulum is located in the __________ cavity.

Question 38

The layer of the digestive tube that contains blood vessels, lymphatic nodes, and a rich supply of elastic fibers is the __________.

Question 39

A fluid secreted into the small intestine during digestion that contains phospholipids, cholesterol, and emulsification agents is called __________.

Question 40

The large intestine has external muscular bands called __________.

Question 41

Liver cells that remove debris and foreign substances from the blood are known as __________ macrophages and Kupffer cells.

Question 42

The dangling process that aids in preventing aspiration of food is known as the __________.

Question 43

Micelles are combinations of __________, monoglycerides, and bile salts.

Question 44

The milk sugar called lactose is digested by the enzyme __________.

Question 45

Intrinsic factor is a substance secreted by the parietal cells that helps the small intestine to absorb vitamins A and D.

Question 46

The fold of peritoneal membrane that suspends the jejunum and ileum from the posterior abdominal wall is called a mesentery.

Question 47

The enzyme that converts starch into simple sugar is lipase.

Question 48

Saliva components that protect the mouth against microorganisms include defensins, pepsinogen, and ketone bodies.

Question 49

The stomach chemically breaks down foods.

Question 50

The alimentary canal is about 16 meters long, and is a continuous tube passing through the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.

Question 51

A loose connective tissue called the lamina propria absorbs digested nutrients.

Question 52

The vestibule is the portion of the mouth that lies between the teeth, cheeks, and lips.

Question 53

On the lateral aspects of the posterior tongue are found the fungiform papillae.

Question 54

The premolars or bicuspids are also known as the cuspids or eyeteeth.

Question 55

The bulk of a tooth below the enamel is called the dentin.

Question 56

GERD may result in Barrett's esophagus.

Question 57

The diaphragm supports the small intestine and provides stability.

Question 58

At the hepatic flexure, the ascending colon becomes the descending colon.

Question 59

The pancreas produces protein-digesting enzymes.

Question 60

Cholecystokinin is an intestinal hormone that stimulates parietal and chief cells in the stomach to secrete gastrin.

Question 61

The mesenteries are double sheets of peritoneal membrane that hold some of the visceral organs in their proper positions.

Question 62

The myenteric plexus is a layer of circular smooth muscle.

Question 63

The pancreas produces lipases, peptidases, and nucleases.

Question 64

The salivary glands contain enzymes for the digestion of amino acids.