Deck 11: Neural Tissue

Question 1

The myelin sheaths around axons, within the brain and spinal cord, are formed by which of the following?

A) Schwann cells
B) Astrocytes
C) Ependymal cells
D) Oligodendrocytes
E) Microglia

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following release neurotransmitters?

A) Synapses
B) Hillocks
C) Dendrites
D) Cell bodies of neurons
E) Synaptic knobs

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Which of the following is the connection between the cell body and the axon?

A) Collateral
B) Synapse
C) Axon terminal
D) Myelin sheath
E) Axonal hillock

Answer 3

E

Question 4

Neurons are responsible for which of the following functions?

A) Controlling the internal environment of the body
B) Repairing damaged neural tissue
C) Transferring and processing in the nervous system
D) Creating a two-dimensional framework for the CNS
E) Destroying and engulfing bacterial cells

Question 5

Which of the following describes the function of the membranous wrapping of electrical insulation around axons?

A) Regulating the environment around the neuron
B) Increasing the speed at which an action potential travels along an axon
C) Decreasing the speed at which an action potential travels along an axon
D) Engulfing cellular debris
E) Repairing axon damage

Question 6

Which of the following are not glial cells in the central nervous system?

A) Ependymal cells
B) Oligodendrocytes
C) Satellite cells
D) Microglia
E) Astrocytes

Question 7

Which of the following ions leaves the cytoplasm rapidly?

A) Calcium
B) Sodium
C) Potassium
D) Zinc
E) Magnesium

Question 8

Which of the following are small phagocytic cells that engulf bacterial cells and cellular debris?

A) Schwann cells
B) Microglia
C) Oligodendrocytes
D) Ependymal cells
E) Astrocytes

Question 9

Which of the following are the most abundant and largest glial cells?

A) Schwann cells
B) Satellite cells
C) Oligodendrocytes
D) Astrocytes
E) Microglial cells

Question 10

Which of the following are also called amphicytes?

A) Satellite cells
B) Schwann cells
C) Microglial cells
D) Neurolemmocytes
E) Oligodendrocytes

Question 11

Which of the following is the most common type of neurons in the human body?

A) Unipolar
B) Anaxonic
C) Bipolar
D) Tripolar
E) Multipolar

Question 12

Which of the following neuron types is located in the retina of the eyes?

A) Multipolar
B) Tripolar
C) Bipolar
D) Unipolar
E) Anaxonic

Question 13

Which of the following sensations is provided by interoceptors?

A) Temperature
B) Pain
C) Touch
D) Taste
E) Smell

Question 14

When sodium channels are inactivating and potassium channels are open, it is known as:

A) resting period.
B) hyperpolarization.
C) depolarization.
D) absolute refractory period.
E) repolarization.

Question 15

Which of the following is a true statement about multiple sclerosis?

A) It is caused by a rotavirus.
B) It involves demyelination of axons.
C) It occurs at any age.
D) It can be prevented by a vaccine.
E) It can be diagnosed by chest x-ray.

Question 16

Which of the following is true about changes in transmembrane potentials?

A) They cannot alter the resting membrane potential.
B) They can only produce an action potential.
C) They can open chemically regulated channels.
D) They can open voltage-regulated channels.
E) They can only produce a local potential.

Question 17

Which of the following causes a local bioelectric current to reach other portions of the membrane?

A) Nerve impulse
B) Threshold potential
C) Resting potential
D) All-or-none phenomenon
E) Action potential

Question 18

Which of the following types of fibers has the largest diameter?

A) Group 1 fibers
B) Group 2 fibers
C) Group A fibers
D) Group B fibers
E) Group C fibers

Question 19

Which of the following is a junction between any two communicating neurons?

A) Synaptic transmission
B) Chemical synapse
C) Synaptic vesicle
D) Synapse
E) Synaptic terminal

Question 20

Complex synaptic terminals exist at which of the following?

A) Synaptic vesicles
B) Synaptic transmission
C) Neuromuscular junctions
D) Synaptic delay
E) Synaptic knobs

Question 21

When intensive stimulation causes the resynthesis and transport mechanisms of acetylcholine to be unable to keep pace with demands for ACh, these events are called:

A) synaptic fatigue.
B) synaptic delay.
C) synaptic terminal.
D) synaptic transmission.
E) axodendritic synapse.

Question 22

Which of the following may occur when ependymal cells are damaged?

A) Neurotransmitters are transported within axons.
B) Axons are repaired.
C) Formation of cerebrospinal fluid
D) Formation of myelin sheaths
E) Formation of ganglia

Question 23

Which of the following is true about saltatory propagation?

A) Sodium ions pass through cell membranes more easily than potassium ions.
B) Action potential is not produced.
C) Voltage-gated channels are not common on the sarcolemma of skeletal muscle fibers.
D) Action potentials move much more quickly along axons.
E) The greater the diameter of the axon, the slower the impulses that are conducted.

Question 24

Plasma membrane permeability is related to which of the following?

A) The leakage ion channel properties
B) The resting potential
C) The greater diameter of the axon
D) A junction between two neurons
E) A gap between neurons

Question 25

Which of the following is the nerve impulse event related to potassium ions?

A) They depolarize the membrane by diffusing inward.
B) They repolarize the membrane by diffusing outward.
C) They maintain the membrane at resting potential.
D) They open in the trigger zone of the neuron.
E) They cause a local bioelectric current.

Question 26

Which of the following is not a function of neuroglia?

A) Conducting phagocytosis
B) Producing components of myelin
C) Providing structural frameworks
D) Making up the perikaryon
E) Producing cerebrospinal fluid

Question 27

Approximately half the mass of the brain is formed by which of the following?

A) Cerebrospinal fluid
B) Lymphocytes
C) Neuroglia
D) Monocytes
E) Glycoproteins

Question 28

Which of the following resembles a flat pancake?

A) Thinned cytoplasm near the tips of oligodendrocyte processes
B) Myelin sheaths
C) Nerve fibers
D) Large proteins with subunits
E) Anionic cytoplasmic proteins

Question 29

Which of the following cells are also called neurolemmocytes?

A) Ependymal cells
B) Schwann cells
C) Microglial cells
D) Oligodendrocytes
E) Astrocytes

Question 30

Neurofibrils are located in which of the following?

A) Dendrites
B) Axons
C) Astrocytes
D) Microglial cells
E) The soma of the neurons

Question 31

Which of the following forms the white matter of the CNS?

A) Telodendria
B) Axon terminals
C) Axon collaterals
D) Myelinated axons
E) Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 32

__________ is a wrapping, primarily made up of lipids, produced by some glial cells.

Question 33

Any stimulus that opens a gated channel will produce a(n) __________ potential.

Question 34

The ion needed to initiate the release of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft is __________.

Question 35

Multiple sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that involves __________ of axons.

Question 36

Ependymal cells and astrocytes are types of __________.

Question 37

Voltage-gated channels can be found in the __________ that covers axons.

Question 38

The voltage across a membrane is a measure of the __________ across the membrane.

Question 39

At a chemical synapse, a(n) __________ is released to stimulate the effector membrane.

Question 40

Sensory neurons deliver information to the __________.

Question 41

A specialized portion of the cell membrane of an axon is the __________.

Question 42

The efferent division carries __________ commands to muscles and glands.

Question 43

Mechanically regulated channels open or close in response to __________ distortion of the membrane surface.

Question 44

The two main parts of the motor division are the afferent and efferent divisions.

Question 45

Neurons conduct phagocytosis and produce myelin.

Question 46

Satellite cells have similar functions to microglial cells.

Question 47

The cytoplasm of a neuron contains many sac-like Nissl bodies.

Question 48

Larger axons are enclosed in myelin sheaths that originate from astrocytes.

Question 49

Sodium and potassium ions move from areas of low concentration to areas of high concentration, based on permeability.

Question 50

Nerve tissue contains neurons and neuroglia.

Question 51

Damage to the Schwann cells by a bacterial infection may destroy myelin sheaths in the peripheral nervous system.

Question 52

Nuclei are clusters of cell bodies in the CNS, whereas ganglia are clusters of cell bodies in the PNS.

Question 53

The three major structural categories of neurons are unipolar, bipolar, and multipolar.

Question 54

Multiple sclerosis mostly affects individuals younger than the age of 5 years.

Question 55

The time during which an excitable membrane cannot respond to further stimulation, regardless of the stimulus strength, is termed the absolute refractory period.

Question 56

A current is a movement of charged particles in response to a potential difference.

Question 57

Cranial nerves are connected to the spinal cord.

Question 58

Myelin decreases the speed at which an action potential travels along the axon.

Question 59

Any shift from the resting potential toward 0 mV is called a depolarization.

Question 60

Temporal summation involves simultaneous stimuli that are applied at different locations.