Deck 26: Pregnancy and Development

Question 1

Somatic cells contain how many chromosomes?

A) 11
B) 18
C) 23
D) 32
E) 46

Answer 1

E

Question 2

The two pronuclei join during amphimixis to form which of the following?

A) Zygote
B) Amnion
C) Blastocyst
D) Morula
E) Lacunae

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The mass of cells that is formed after many cell divisions following fertilization is called a:

A) blastula.
B) gastrula.
C) morula.
D) blastocyst.
E) chorion.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following are identical cells that are produced by early cleavage?

A) Blastomeres
B) Amnions
C) Blastocysts
D) Morulas
E) Gastrulas

Question 5

The structure that forms during the third week of development, as a tube extending from the early yolk sac into the connecting stalk of the embryo, is the:

A) chorion.
B) lacunae.
C) amnion.
D) allantois.
E) decidua.

Question 6

A hydatidiform mole may be caused by which of the following?

A) Older maternal age
B) A genetic abnormality
C) Malnutrition
D) Hyperthyroidism
E) Gestational diabetes

Question 7

Which of the following is formed by the mesoderm?

A) Respiratory epithelium
B) The lining of the digestive tract
C) Muscular system
D) Nervous system
E) Endocrine system

Question 8

Which of the following is true about cleavage?

A) It is the period during which the blastocyst forms.
B) It is the period when the three embryonic germ layers appear.
C) It is the period when vast amounts of cell migration occur.
D) It is the period during which amniotic fluid is produced.
E) It is the period during which a morula disappears.

Question 9

Day 12 of embryonic development is when a new layer forms via which of the following?

A) Meiosis
B) Mitosis
C) Gastrulation
D) Embryolization
E) Placentation

Question 10

By which week of pregnancy may the external reproductive organs be distinguished as either male or female?

A) 4^th week
B) 6^th week
C) 8^th week
D) 12^th week
E) 20^th week

Question 11

After which day of development is the fetus considered to be "full-term"?

A) 255
B) 266
C) 275
D) 285
E) 296

Question 12

The blood vessels of the embryo are formed by the end of the:

A) first week.
B) second week.
C) third week.
D) third month.
E) fourth month.

Question 13

How long after ovulation is the egg capable of being fertilized?

A) 6-12 hours
B) 12-24 hours
C) 24-38 hours
D) 38-52 hours
E) 52-72 hours

Question 14

Which of the following is the length of the fetus during the fourth month?

A) 8 cm
B) 14 cm
C) 20 cm
D) 35 cm
E) 42 cm

Question 15

Which of the following is not a risk factor for preeclampsia?

A) Diabetes
B) Hypertension
C) Age older than 35 years
D) Hypercalcemia
E) Multiple fetuses

Question 16

Which of the following is a medical emergency for both the mother and the fetus?

A) Abruptio placentae
B) Preeclampsia
C) Placenta previa
D) Ectopic pregnancy
E) Parturition

Question 17

Which of the following is the most common cause of painless bleeding during the third trimester of pregnancy?

A) Placenta cleavage
B) Placenta previa
C) Abruptio placenta
D) Ectopic pregnancy
E) Abortion

Question 18

Which of the following is true concerning the placenta?

A) By the seventh month of gestation, it develops atrophy.
B) Commonly, it secretes prolactin to prepare the breasts.
C) It forms the uterine endometrium.
D) By the third month of gestation, it is fully functional.
E) It produces wastes.

Question 19

The trophoblast and the mesoderm together are called the:

A) chorion.
B) allantois.
C) amnion.
D) amniotic sac.
E) placenta.

Question 20

The structure that forms a fluid-filled sac is the:

A) chorion.
B) yolk sac.
C) amnion.
D) allantois.
E) decidua.

Question 21

The yolk sac is important because it forms which of the following?

A) Part of the embryo's digestive tube
B) The central nervous system
C) The spinal column
D) The kidneys and liver
E) The lungs

Question 22

In which of the following periods of embryonic development does formation of the primary germ layers occur?

A) Morula
B) Cleavage
C) Gastrulation
D) Zygote
E) Blastocyst

Question 23

How long after implantation does the heart start beating?

A) The fourth week
B) The fifth week
C) The sixth week
D) The second week
E) The third week

Question 24

The fetus is about 40 centimeters long by the end of which month?

A) Fourth
B) Fifth
C) Sixth
D) Seventh
E) Ninth

Question 25

Which of the following hormones is released during labor?

A) Estrogen
B) Progesterone
C) Oxytocin
D) FSH
E) LH

Question 26

Which of the following hormones is concerned with influencing lactation?

A) Progesterone
B) Estrogen
C) hCG
D) Relaxin
E) Prolactin

Question 27

When do premature deliveries usually occur?

A) At 21 to 24 weeks
B) At 24 to 28 weeks
C) At 28 to 36 weeks
D) At 36 to 38 weeks
E) At 38 to 42 weeks

Question 28

Which of the following hormones stimulates the alveolar glands of the breasts to develop, assisted by placental lactogen?

A) Progesterone
B) Prolactin
C) Inhibin
D) Estrogen
E) Oxytocin

Question 29

Which of the following is true about colostrum?

A) It contains antigens.
B) It contains more proteins than breast milk.
C) It contains more fats than breast milk.
D) It contains more carbohydrates than breast milk.
E) It lacks antibodies.

Question 30

After birth, which of the following events does not occur?

A) The foramen ovale closes due to blood pressure changes.
B) Resistance to blood flow through the pulmonary circuit decreases.
C) Blood pressure in the left atrium decreases.
D) The umbilical vessels constrict.
E) Blood pressure in the right atrium falls.

Question 31

The first milk after delivery that the mother produces is known as __________.

Question 32

The trophoblast cells of the __________ are part of placental formation.

Question 33

Twins that result from separate sperm fertilizing separate eggs are called __________ or fraternal twins.

Question 34

The placental stage is when the placenta is expelled from the __________.

Question 35

__________ stimulates uterine contractions, aiding in the later stage of labor.

Question 36

A solid, ball-like mass of cells that develops on the third to fourth day of implantation is called a(n) __________.

Question 37

The __________ stage of development is the first in which all three germ layers of tissue are evident.

Question 38

After the egg is fertilized, it is known as a(n) __________.

Question 39

The function of the __________ hormone is to relax the pubic symphysis.

Question 40

The second stage of labor is the __________ stage.

Question 41

Sperm cannot fertilize an egg until they undergo __________.

Question 42

The umbilical cord is formed by the __________, blood vessels, and yolk sac.

Question 43

The pituitary gland produces __________ to assist in producing milk.

Question 44

Millions of sperm cells are destroyed during fertilization by the vagina's __________ environment.

Question 45

The axial support for the embryo is called the __________.

Question 46

The period of gestation when the organs complete most of their development, and the fetus looks distinctly human, is the third trimester.

Question 47

Under the influence of the trophoblast, maternal blood vessels in the endometrium break down and form lacunae.

Question 48

Granulation produces an oval, three-layered structure known as the embryonic disc.

Question 49

Relaxin is a hormone produced by the placenta and ovaries to prevent morning sickness.

Question 50

The trophoblast is mostly responsible for forming the lining of the endometrium.

Question 51

Progesterone is involved in milk production.

Question 52

The neonatal period begins at birth, and lasts through the first four weeks.

Question 53

The flattened cell mass developed during the early embryonic stage, which has an outer ectoderm and an inner endoderm, is called a chorion.

Question 54

Human gametes contain 46 chromosomes.

Question 55

An offspring between the eighth week and birth is referred to as an embryo.

Question 56

When the embryo is implanted in an area other than the uterus, the condition is called ectopic pregnancy.

Question 57

Stretching of the cervix would cause an increase in the blood levels of oxytocin.

Question 58

Blood in the umbilical arteries is oxygenated.

Question 59

The hollow cavity within the blastocyst is the decidua basalis.

Question 60

By day 12 of embryonic development, a new layer forms through meiosis.