Deck 3: Cells

Question 1

The main substance that fills the cell and holds the cell contents is the:

A) nucleus.
B) cytoplasm.
C) nucleolus.
D) cell membrane.
E) mitochondria.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Any solution that has the same osmotic pressure as body fluids is referred to as:

A) hypotonic.
B) isotonic.
C) hypertonic.
D) active transport.
E) facilitated diffusion.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Cellular organelles are located within the:

A) cytoplasm.
B) chromosomes.
C) cell membrane.
D) nucleus.
E) phospholipid bilayer.

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The fluid within the mitochondria is called:

A) cristae.
B) cytosol.
C) powerhouse.
D) cytoplasm.
E) matrix.

Question 5

Modification of the cell membrane is a function of the:

A) ribosomes.
B) Golgi apparatus.
C) rough endoplasmic reticulum.
D) microtubules.
E) mitochondria.

Question 6

When a moving cell engulfs something, the process is called:

A) osmosis.
B) facilitated diffusion.
C) filtration.
D) phagocytosis.
E) active transport.

Question 7

The cell's DNA is located in the:

A) lysosomes.
B) mitochondria.
C) nucleus.
D) ribosomes.
E) rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 8

All of the following can be a constituent of a cell membrane, except:

A) phospholipids.
B) glycolipids.
C) glycoproteins.
D) messenger RNA.
E) cholesterol.

Question 9

When activated, lysosomes function in:

A) digestion of biological molecules.
B) synthesis of carbohydrates.
C) synthesis of lipids.
D) synthesis of proteins.
E) cell division.

Question 10

Which of the following best describes "lipid rafts"?

A) Enzymes
B) Saturated phospholipids
C) Nonpolar lipid tails
D) Cell membrane channels
E) Specific areas of the cell membrane

Question 11

Which of the following is not true about integral proteins?

A) They interact with the nonpolar lipid tails embedded in the membrane.
B) They disassemble into individual molecules of tubulin.
C) They have hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions.
D) They are transmembrane proteins that protrude on both sides.
E) They have some of the same actions as peripheral proteins.

Question 12

Which of the following structures of DNA and protein are found in the cell nucleus?

A) Mitochondria
B) Nucleases
C) Histones
D) Nucleoplasm
E) Chromosomes

Question 13

The endoplasmic reticulum is not responsible for which of the following?

A) Protein, lipid, and carbohydrate synthesis
B) Production of energy
C) Storage of synthesized molecules
D) Manufacture of integral proteins and phospholipids
E) Detoxification of drugs

Question 14

Which of the following organelles consists of a stack of several flattened sacs?

A) Golgi apparatus
B) Microvilli
C) Mitochondria
D) Microfilaments
E) Cytoskeletons

Question 15

Which of the following is the function of the microtubules?

A) They regulate the exchange of waste products with ECF.
B) They form DNA and RNA.
C) They transport materials within the cytoplasm.
D) They provide the cell shape.
E) They provide energy of the cells.

Question 16

Communication between the nucleus and cytosol occurs through which of the following?

A) Microtubules
B) Endoplasmic reticulum
C) Intermediate filaments
D) Cytoskeletons
E) Nuclear pore complexes

Question 17

Which of the following are the functional units of DNA?

A) Codons
B) RNA
C) Genes
D) Proteins
E) Chromosomes

Question 18

Which of the following is the first step in transcription?

A) RNA polymerase binds to the promoter.
B) tRNA delivers amino acids.
C) mRNA interacts with tRNA.
D) Codons bind with anticodons.
E) Amino acids pass through membrane channels.

Question 19

Which of the following is true about diffusion?

A) The molecular weight of a substance does not affect the rate.
B) The lower temperature, the faster the rate.
C) The lower concentration gradients move to higher concentration gradients.
D) The higher concentration gradients move to lower concentration gradients.
E) The rate is independent of temperature.

Question 20

Which of the following is called "the process of forming a linear amino acid chain"?

A) Mitosis
B) Auscultation
C) Replication
D) Translation
E) Transcription

Question 21

Which of the following solutions is commonly given intravenously to patients who are edematous?

A) Hypertonic
B) Isotonic
C) Hypotonic
D) Isotonic/hypotonic
E) Hypotonic/hypertonic

Question 22

When the concentration of sodium ions in the fluid surrounding cells decreases, and the concentration of other solutes remains constant, which of the following may occur?

A) The cells will not change.
B) The cells will shrink.
C) The cells will swell.
D) The fluid outside of the cells will become isotonic.
E) The fluid outside of the cells will become hypertonic.

Question 23

The movement of particles through membranes, from regions of lower concentration to regions of higher concentration, refers to which of the following?

A) Osmosis
B) Diffusion
C) Facilitated diffusion
D) Pinocytosis
E) Active transport

Question 24

Which of the following types of endoplasmic reticulum can synthesize proteins and then move them to the Golgi apparatus?

A) The smooth reticulum
B) The rough reticulum
C) The ribosomal reticulum
D) The raised reticulum
E) The proteosome reticulum

Question 25

Many recognition proteins are which of the following?

A) Glycoproteins
B) Lipoproteins
C) Receptor proteins
D) Phospholipids
E) Glycolipids

Question 26

Which of the following statements is not true regarding the differences between cytosol and extracellular fluid?

A) Cytosol usually contains small amounts of lipids and carbohydrates.
B) Cytosol contains higher amounts of potassium ions than extracellular fluid.
C) Cytosol contains higher amounts of suspended proteins than extracellular fluid.
D) Cytosol contains higher amounts of sodium ions than extracellular fluid.
E) Cytosol contains various types of organelles.

Question 27

Facilitated diffusion is also known as which of the following?

A) Simple diffusion
B) Assisted diffusion
C) Osmosis
D) Nondiffusible entry
E) Nonpenetrating entry

Question 28

Which of the following is not an organelle?

A) Microtubule
B) Cilia
C) Melanin
D) Centriole
E) Lysosome

Question 29

Which of the following makes up ribosomes?

A) rRNA
B) mRNA
C) tRNA
D) Lysosomes
E) Codons

Question 30

__________ proteins can open or close to regulate the passage of materials through the cell membrane.

Question 31

Structures that extend from sperm cells that undulate and enable the cells to "swim" are called __________.

Question 32

The three basic parts of a cell include the cell membrane, the nucleus, and the __________.

Question 33

A cytoskeleton is also referred to as a(n) __________.

Question 34

Cytoplasm is the substance that contains all the cellular contents between the cell membrane and the __________.

Question 35

The packaging of extracellular materials in a vesicle at the cell surface for importation into the cell is called __________.

Question 36

White blood cells that engulf disease-causing bacteria are involved in the process of __________.

Question 37

Pompe disease and familial hyperlipoproteinemia are linked to nonfunctional __________ enzymes.

Question 38

The __________ is the cytoplasm that surrounds the pair of centrioles found in animal cells.

Question 39

Cell membranes are called __________ permeable because they allow some substances to pass, but not others.

Question 40

The carbohydrates extend past the outer plasma membrane surface to form a layer called the __________.

Question 41

Cytoplasm consists of cytosol and __________.

Question 42

Microtubules found in most cells are constructed from a globular protein called __________.

Question 43

Rupture of lysosomes causes the cell to digest itself; this process is called __________.

Question 44

The Golgi apparatus deals primarily with proteins synthesized on the ribosomes.

Question 45

Peroxisomes have enzymes that are abundant in the liver and kidney cells.

Question 46

Diffusion movement always occurs from areas of lesser concentration to areas of greater concentration.

Question 47

The polar heads of phospholipids are exposed to water on either side.

Question 48

One of the functions of the Golgi apparatus is packaging special enzymes inside vesicles.

Question 49

Meiosis and mitosis are the two types of cell division.

Question 50

When the chromosomes line up near the middle portion of the cell, it is called prophase.

Question 51

The study of cellular structure and function is referred to as histology.

Question 52

Any solution with a higher osmotic pressure than body fluids is called hypertonic.

Question 53

The centrosome consists of two microtubule triplets that are arranged like a triangle.

Question 54

Vesicles are also known as lysosomes.

Question 55

Pinocytosis and phagocytosis are examples of exocytosis.

Question 56

In metaphase, the chromosomes line up near the opposite ends of the cell.

Question 57

In telophase, two daughter cells reform, and cytoplasm divides to form two duplicate daughter cells.

Question 58

The process of specialization of a cell is called differentiation.

Question 59

Stem cells are those that can divide repeatedly without specializing.

Question 60

Malignant tumors spread into surrounding tissue in a process called mutation.

Question 61

The endosomes that are formed by pinocytosis are called pinosomes.

Question 62

Vesicular lagging is a process of movement of substances from one area to another area.