Deck 16: Endocrine System

Question 1

Thyroid hormone is synthesized from which of the following?

A) Thyroxine
B) Tetraiodothyronine
C) Triiodothyronine
D) Colloid
E) Thyroglobulin

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Which of the following hormones changes the blood's osmotic pressure?

A) TSH
B) LH
C) ACTH
D) ADH
E) Oxytocin

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Protein kinase C is an enzyme that performs which of the following?

A) Diffusion
B) Resistance
C) Phosphorylation
D) Exhaustion
E) Food digestion

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Calcium ions act as messengers, usually in combination with an intracellular protein called:

A) thyroid-stimulating hormone.
B) calcitonin.
C) adrenocorticotropic hormone.
D) calmodulin.
E) antidiuretic hormone.

Question 5

Which of the following hormones is an example of neural stimuli?

A) Parathyroid hormone
B) Epinephrine
C) Growth hormone
D) Thyroid hormone
E) Insulin

Question 6

Which of the following hormones is an antagonist of insulin?

A) Prolactin
B) Growth hormone
C) Oxytocin
D) Epinephrine
E) Glucagon

Question 7

Which of the following hormones regulates the sodium ion concentration of the blood?

A) Calcitonin
B) Growth hormone
C) Aldosterone
D) Gonadotropin
E) Glucagon

Question 8

Which of the following hormones is responsible for body metabolism?

A) Parathyroid hormone
B) Thymosin
C) Thyroxine
D) Calcitonin
E) Aldosterone

Question 9

Which hormone controls appetite and increases energy expenditure?

A) Erythropoietin
B) Leptin
C) Gastrin
D) Renin
E) Secretin

Question 10

Which of the following hormones is not fat-soluble?

A) Cortisol
B) Androgen
C) Glucagon
D) Testosterone
E) Progesterone

Question 11

Which of the following hormones is an insulin antagonist?

A) Resistin
B) Gastrin
C) Ghrelin
D) Cholecystokinin
E) Renin

Question 12

Excessive secretion of growth hormone in children may cause which of the following?

A) Gigantism
B) Dwarfism
C) Acromegaly
D) Myxedema
E) Cretinism

Question 13

Which of the following may be caused by insufficiency of insulin?

A) Diabetes insipidus
B) Goiter
C) Gigantism
D) Acromegaly
E) Diabetes mellitus

Question 14

Which of the following is true about the pancreatic islets of Langerhans?

A) Contain endocrine cells
B) Secrete alkaline juice
C) Produce amylase enzyme
D) Make up most of the pancreas
E) Produce digestive enzymes

Question 15

Which of the following is important for the development of early immunity?

A) Thymus
B) Thyroid
C) Adrenal glands
D) Kidneys
E) Liver

Question 16

Which of the following describes permissiveness?

A) One hormone cannot have full effects without another hormone
B) One hormone has the same effects as another hormone at a target cell
C) The effects of two hormones have amplified effects when combined
D) One hormone opposes another hormone
E) Integrative effects of two hormones

Question 17

Which of the following hormones is secreted from the pars intermedia of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland?

A) Prolactin
B) Thyroid-stimulating hormone
C) Melanotropin
D) Luteinizing hormone
E) Growth hormone

Question 18

Which of the following are alternate names for prolactin and ACTH?

A) Oxytocin and corticotropin
B) Gonadotropin and mammotropin
C) Oxytocin and mammotropin
D) Mammotropin and corticotropin
E) Oxytocin and insulin

Question 19

Which of the following is true about oxytocin?

A) It controls milk production.
B) It is an example of a positive feedback control mechanism.
C) It is an adenohypophyseal secretion.
D) It increases blood levels of calcium.
E) It decreases sweat.

Question 20

Which of the following is not a function of the prostaglandins?

A) Regulation of blood pressure
B) Effects upon blood clotting
C) Increasing bone density
D) Involved in inflammation
E) Increasing uterine contractions

Question 21

Which of the following hormones is released from the posterior pituitary gland?

A) Prolactin
B) Growth hormone
C) Vasopressin
D) Sterogen
E) Luteinizing hormone

Question 22

Which of the following are classified as eicosanoids?

A) Hydrocortisones
B) Erythropoietin
C) Serotonin
D) Leukotrienes
E) Melanotropin

Question 23

Which of the following hormones is secreted from the stomach?

A) Ghrelin
B) Secretin
C) Incretin
D) Glucagon
E) Cholecystokinin

Question 24

Which of the following glands contains medullary chromaffin cells?

A) Pineal gland
B) Parathyroid gland
C) Adrenal gland
D) Posterior pituitary gland
E) Thyroid gland

Question 25

Which of the following is not a function of thyroid hormone?

A) Increasing blood calcium levels
B) Regulating tissue growth
C) Maintaining blood pressure
D) Calorigenic effects
E) Increasing basal metabolic rate

Question 26

Which of the following hormones regulates ovarian hormone synthesis?

A) Oxytocin
B) ACTH
C) FSH
D) LH
E) ADH

Question 27

Which of the following is the role of parathyroid hormone?

A) Increasing calcium excretion from the body
B) Demineralizing bone and increasing blood calcium levels
C) Increasing bone formation and lowering blood calcium levels
D) Increasing cell utilization of glucose
E) Decreasing calcium absorption from the small intestine

Question 28

Which of the following body organs are the primary targets of the F cells?

A) Brain and CSF
B) Lymphatic organs
C) Kidneys
D) Lungs
E) Digestive organs

Question 29

Which of the following hormones corresponds, in females, to testosterone in males?

A) Prolactin
B) Progesterone
C) Estrogen
D) Luteinizing hormone
E) FSH

Question 30

Absence of thyroid hormone may cause which of the following?

A) High metabolic rate
B) Lethargy and mental sluggishness
C) Increased heart rate and hypertension
D) Exophthalmos
E) Sweating

Question 31

Which of the following is not an effect of the hypodermic injection of epinephrine?

A) Dilation of the bronchi
B) Increasing blood pressure
C) Increasing peristalsis
D) Increasing heart rate
E) Increasing blood flow to the skeletal muscles

Question 32

Insulin consists of two amino acid chains that are linked by which of the following?

A) Diphosphate bonds
B) Disaccharide bonds
C) Dipeptide bonds
D) Disulfide bonds
E) Double helix bonds

Question 33

The hormone osteocalcin may be an effective form of treatment for which of the following?

A) Diabetes type 2
B) Hypertension
C) Hypothyroidism
D) Graves' disease
E) Myxedema

Question 34

Atrial natriuretic peptide has exactly the opposite function of which of the following hormones?

A) Calcitonin
B) Aldosterone
C) Androgen
D) Antidiuretic hormone
E) Norepinephrine

Question 35

Which of the following is true about hormones?

A) They affect only non-hormone-producing organs.
B) They remain at constant concentrations in the blood.
C) They are produced by the exocrine glands.
D) They are carried to all parts of the body by the blood.
E) They are made up only by amino acids.

Question 36

Which of the following lies within the abdominopelvic cavity, near the border between the stomach and the small intestine?

A) Testis
B) Thymus gland
C) Adrenal gland
D) Thyroid gland
E) Pancreas

Question 37

Which of the following hormones may be lost if the infundibulum is transected?

A) TSH
B) LH
C) GH
D) ADH
E) ACTH

Question 38

Which of the following conditions may result from decreased levels of parathyroid hormone?

A) Profuse sweating
B) Convulsions
C) Ketoacidosis
D) Hyperglycemia
E) Water retention

Question 39

Which of the following symptoms would you expect to observe in a patient suffering from Addison's disease?

A) Muscle protein loss
B) Edema
C) Decreased levels of ACTH
D) Hypoglycemia
E) Water retention

Question 40

Which of the following hormones causes a decrease in FSH levels in both females and males?

A) Somatostatin
B) Inhibin
C) LH
D) Testosterone
E) Aldosterone

Question 41

Which of the following hormones promotes conversion of lipids to glucose, and the formation of glycogen in the liver?

A) Thymosin
B) Secretin
C) Erythropoietin
D) Aldosterone
E) Cortisol

Question 42

Which of the following statements is not true about atrial natriuretic peptide?

A) It increases aldosterone secretion.
B) It suppresses ADH secretion.
C) It is produced by the atria of the heart.
D) It promotes sodium loss at the kidneys.
E) It reduces the sensation of thirst.

Question 43

Longer exposure to daylight may cause which of the following?

A) Increased activity of the pineal gland
B) Increased activity of the hypothalamus
C) Decreased levels of MSH in the blood
D) Increased levels of melanin production
E) Increased levels of melatonin

Question 44

The largest endocrine gland in the body is the __________.

Question 45

When one hormone produces the same effects as another hormone at a target cell, it is called __________.

Question 46

The hypophyseal portal veins pass along the pituitary __________ to the capillary network of the anterior pituitary.

Question 47

Hyposecretion of growth hormone in children can result in a condition called __________.

Question 48

Thyroid-stimulating hormone is also known as __________.

Question 49

Alcohol intake inhibits ADH secretion and __________ urine output.

Question 50

Parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland secrete the hormone called __________.

Question 51

The zona __________ produces sex hormones, which are called androgens.

Question 52

The most common __________ are epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin.

Question 53

The stomach secretes gastrin and __________.

Question 54

Blood levels of __________ are higher when there is more stored fat.

Question 55

Acromegaly is the result of hypersecretion of __________ hormone.

Question 56

The control of calcitonin excretion is an example of direct __________ regulation.

Question 57

The anterior lobe of the pituitary gland produces __________ hormones.

Question 58

Thyroid hormone production requires the presence of __________ and calcium.

Question 59

The secretion of prolactin is regulated by a neuroendocrine __________, which involves both the endocrine and nervous systems.

Question 60

Diabetes insipidus is a condition related to ADH __________, in which the patient experiences intense thirst.

Question 61

Steroid hormones are insoluble in lipids.

Question 62

FSH and LH affecting the urinary organs regulate the water concentration of body fluids.

Question 63

Two hormones that have additive effects are called synergists.

Question 64

Hormones diffuse from the interstitial fluid into the bloodstream.

Question 65

The primary metabolic effect of cortisol is as a mineralocorticoid.

Question 66

Iodine is an essential element required for the synthesis of thymosin.

Question 67

Aldosteronism is the hypersecretion of aldosterone.

Question 68

The zona glomerulosa of the adrenal glands produces epinephrine.

Question 69

The adrenal medulla produces androgens.

Question 70

The major hyposecretory disorder of the adrenal cortex is known as Addison's disease.

Question 71

Liver cells respond to growth hormone by releasing somatomedins.

Question 72

The pituitary hormone that stimulates melanocytes to produce melanin is STH.

Question 73

A hormone that is synergistic to growth hormone is renin.

Question 74

Hypersecretion of cortisol can cause Cushing's disease.

Question 75

Proper growth requires thyroid hormone and somatotropin.

Question 76

The kidneys are responsible for the secretion of renin, calcitriol, and erythropoietin.

Question 77

The functional organization of the nervous system parallels that of the cardiovascular system in many ways.

Question 78

Alpha cells are to insulin as beta cells are to glucagon.

Question 79

Aldosterone release occurs in response to angiotensin II.

Question 80

Thyroid hormones are structural derivatives of fatty acids.