Deck 4: Cellular Metabolism

Question 1

The synthesis of larger molecules from smaller ones is called:

A) metabolism.
B) anabolism.
C) oxidation.
D) catabolism.
E) glycolysis.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

In the process of cellular respiration, each molecule of glucose that is metabolized releases enough energy to form how many molecules of ATP?

A) 2
B) 6
C) 24
D) 36
E) 38

Answer 2

D

Question 3

A polypeptide is formed from:

A) two amino acids.
B) one amino acid and fatty acid.
C) many fatty acids.
D) many amino acids.
E) many DNA and RNA molecules.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

The target of enzyme action is called the:

A) substrate.
B) end product.
C) active site.
D) catalase.
E) None of these is correct.

Question 5

The oxidative deamination and energy use of amino acids are promoted by which of the following?

A) Enough essential amino acids
B) Enough fat calories to provide sufficient ATP formation
C) Excessive amounts of dietary proteins
D) Ammonia that combines with oxygen, forming urea
E) All of these are correct.

Question 6

When simple sugar molecules make up molecules of glycogen, the process is referred to as:

A) catabolism.
B) glycolysis.
C) oxidation.
D) metabolism.
E) anabolism.

Question 7

In the process of glycolysis, glucose is broken down to yield:

A) lactic acid and amino acid.
B) ATP and water.
C) pyruvic acid and lactic acid.
D) ATP, lactic acid, and amino acid.
E) glycogen and water.

Question 8

What occurs during the process of gluconeogenesis?

A) Glycogen is broken down in order for glucose release.
B) Glucose is formed from noncarbohydrate precursors.
C) Glycogen is synthesized.
D) Glucose is converted in water and carbon dioxide.
E) Glycerol and amino acids are converted to chylomicrons.

Question 9

Which of the following occurs during glycolysis?

A) More energy is used than is released.
B) Carbon dioxide is produced.
C) One molecule of glucose is converted into two molecules of pyruvic acid.
D) Six molecules of ATP are produced.
E) NADH⁺ molecules attach to the cytochrome.

Question 10

Which of the following acts as an intermediary that accepts electrons from one molecule and transfers them to another molecule?

A) Electrons
B) Cytochrome
C) Hydrogen ions
D) Coenzyme
E) Acetyl group

Question 11

Cytochromes contain which of the following metal atoms?

A) Iron
B) Copper
C) Gold
D) Zinc
E) Cobalt

Question 12

Pyruvic acid combines with a coenzyme to form which of the following?

A) Oxaloacetic acid
B) Keto acid
C) Ammonia
D) Urea
E) Acetyl CoA

Question 13

Which of the following is not true about metabolism of lipids?

A) Fats yield approximately 9 Kcal of energy per gram.
B) Fats have very high amounts of water.
C) Fats have approximately twice the yield of proteins.
D) Fats have approximately twice the yield of carbohydrates.
E) Digested fats are transported in lymph.

Question 14

Which of the following produces a significant amount of energy in cellular respiration?

A) Glycerol
B) Oxygen
C) Glucagon
D) Pyruvic acid
E) Oxaloacetic acid

Question 15

Glucose enters cells via facilitated diffusion, which is largely enhanced by which of the following?

A) Insulin
B) Glucagon
C) Pyruvic acid
D) Acetyl CoA
E) Glycerol

Question 16

Glycolysis is a process of breaking down glucose to yield pyruvic acid and which of the following?

A) Oxaloacetic acid
B) Phosphoric acid
C) Lactic acid
D) Hydrochloric acid
E) Carbonic acid

Question 17

Acetyl CoA is produced when acetic acid combines with coenzyme A. This coenzyme contains which of the following?

A) Vitamin C
B) Vitamin B₁
C) Sulfur derived from vitamin B₅
D) Vitamin B₁₂ derived from cobalamin
E) Vitamin D

Question 18

An electrochemical proton (H⁺) gradient is created across the:

A) cell membrane.
B) nuclear membrane.
C) inner mitochondrial membrane.
D) outer cell membrane.
E) cytoplasm.

Question 19

Gluconeogenesis is especially important for protection of which of the following body systems?

A) Nervous
B) Cardiovascular
C) Endocrine
D) Reproductive
E) Urinary

Question 20

Glycerol is easily converted to act as an intermediate substance during glycolysis. Which of the following is this intermediate substance?

A) Glyceraldehyde 3-PO₄
B) Acetic acid
C) Acetyl CoA
D) Triglyceride
E) Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

Question 21

Which of the following causes lipogenesis to become the primary activity in the adipose tissues?

A) High blood cholesterol
B) High blood sugar
C) Low blood sugar
D) Low blood cholesterol
E) Low blood antibodies

Question 22

Along with water, which of the following is the end product of the combination of ammonia with carbon dioxide?

A) D-amino oxidase
B) Ketone
C) Urea
D) Uric acid
E) Glycogen

Question 23

A person who consumes many complex carbohydrates has more glycogen stored in which of the following organs?

A) Kidneys
B) Stomach and spleen
C) Brain and spinal cord
D) Lungs
E) Muscles

Question 24

The chemical reactions involved in cellular metabolism release __________.

Question 25

Hydrolysis splits a(n) __________ molecule.

Question 26

Glycolysis begins the process of __________ respiration.

Question 27

An example of catabolism is the process of __________, which is actually the opposite of dehydration synthesis.

Question 28

An example of a coenzyme is __________, which is involved in cellular respiration.

Question 29

Acetyl CoA contains sulfur that is derived from vitamin __________.

Question 30

Reactions within the __________ provide most of the energy needed by a typical cell.

Question 31

During an average lifetime, the body synthesizes up to 1,000 pounds of __________.

Question 32

The transformation of most proteins occurs in the __________.

Question 33

Both dehydration synthesis and hydrolysis are __________.

Question 34

Enzymes coordinate hundreds of rapid chemical changes to control __________ reactions.

Question 35

Most dehydrogenases and oxidases require assistance from a certain __________, which is usually derived from a B-vitamin.

Question 36

When the body gains more heat that it is able to lose, __________ develops.

Question 37

The process known as __________ phosphorylation releases most of the energy captured in ATP bonding during cellular respiration.

Question 38

Glucose is the most important __________ molecule in the oxidative pathways.

Question 39

The citric acid cycle is also called the __________ acid cycle.

Question 40

The process of glycogen formation is called __________.

Question 41

When the bonds between the atoms of molecules are broken, chemical __________ is released.

Question 42

Aerobic reactions yield 36 ATP molecules per __________ molecule.

Question 43

The part of an enzyme molecule that binds a substrate is called metabolism.

Question 44

A dipeptide is formed from several amino acids bound together.

Question 45

Catabolism and anabolism both begin with glucose-6-phosphate.

Question 46

When glycogen is stored, the liver cells are at their most active states.

Question 47

Deaminated amino acids converted to pyruvic acid can be reconverted to glucose.

Question 48

Anabolism is the process of building complex molecules in the body from simpler materials.

Question 49

Cellular respiration requires three types of reactions: glycolysis, hydrolysis, and rate-limiting enzymes.

Question 50

A dipeptide is formed from several amino acids bound together.

Question 51

Anesthesia gains more heat than the body is able to lose, causing hyperthermia.

Question 52

The pathways of aerobic respiration are located outside of cells.

Question 53

Protein synthesis occurs on ribosomes, where enzymes control formation of peptide bonds.

Question 54

For cellular respiration, protein and oxygen are required.

Question 55

The electron transport chain converts energy via release of electronic energy to pump protons.

Question 56

Each ATP molecule has a chain of three groups of phosphates.

Question 57

Glucose is stored as either proteins or nucleic acids.

Question 58

Fats yield approximately 4 Kcal of energy during catabolism.

Question 59

The initial phase of fatty acid oxidation is called glyceraldehyde.

Question 60

High blood sugar causes lipogenesis to become the primary activity in the adipose tissues.

Question 61

The brain converts CoA molecules to ketones.

Question 62

Excess proteins can be stored by the liver.