Deck 6: Integumentary System

Question 1

The layer of the epidermis that contains cells undergoing division is the:

A) stratum granulosum.
B) stratum germinativum.
C) stratum spinosum.
D) stratum corneum.
E) stratum lucidum.

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following are the two components of a cutaneous membrane?

A) Epidermis and hypodermis
B) Dermis and integument
C) Epidermis and dermis
D) Superficial fascia and hypodermis
E) Dermis and hypodermis

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following is not a function of the integumentary system?

A) Synthesis of vitamin E
B) Storage of nutrients
C) Protection of underlying organs
D) Maintenance of body temperature
E) Melanin production

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following is the predominant type of sweat glands?

A) Merocrine
B) Apocrine
C) Holocrine
D) Sebaceous
E) None of these is correct.

Question 5

Modified sweat glands include:

A) ceruminous glands.
B) merocrine glands.
C) mammary glands.
D) sudoriferous glands.
E) both ceruminous glands and mammary glands.

Question 6

Which of the following is not a major component of a hair shaft?

A) Cuticle
B) Cortex
C) External root sheath
D) Medulla
E) Keratin

Question 7

The superficial surface of the dermal papillary layer has structures called:

A) dermal papillae.
B) reticular papillae.
C) ceruminous glands.
D) hair follicles.
E) thick collagen fibers.

Question 8

The secretion of sebum from the sebaceous glands is stimulated by:

A) physical activities such as swimming or running.
B) drops in air temperature.
C) hormones (mostly androgens).
D) hot temperatures.
E) sweating.

Question 9

Which layer of the epidermis contains melanocytes?

A) Stratum germinativum
B) Stratum granulosum
C) Stratum lucidum
D) Stratum spinosum
E) Stratum corneum

Question 10

The oily mixture of fatty material and debris from cells secreted by holocrine glands through hair follicle ducts is referred to as:

A) melanin.
B) keratin.
C) sweat.
D) sebum.
E) glue.

Question 11

Which form of skin cancer grows rapidly, metastasizes, and looks scaly, with a reddish-purple color?

A) Adenoma
B) Squamous cell carcinoma
C) Basal cell carcinoma
D) Melanoma
E) Astrocytoma

Question 12

What is contained in eccrine gland secretions?

A) Metabolic wastes
B) Mostly (99%) water, sodium chloride, vitamin C, and trace amounts of wastes
C) Fatty substances, antibodies, proteins, and small amounts of vitamins and minerals
D) Mostly uric acid
E) Urea and salt

Question 13

Which of the following layers of the epidermis is shed from the body?

A) Stratum germinativum
B) Stratum granulosum
C) Stratum spinosum
D) Stratum corneum
E) Stratum lucidum

Question 14

Which of the following does not change during the entire life span of an individual?

A) Stratum basale
B) Epidermal ridges
C) Basal lamina
D) Stratum granulosum
E) Desmosomes

Question 15

Which of the following glands produces sensible perspiration?

A) Mammary
B) Sebaceous
C) Adrenal
D) Merocrine
E) Ceruminous

Question 16

Which of the following is not characteristic of the epidermis?

A) Self-repairing
B) Serving as UV radiation protection
C) Flexible
D) Containing oil glands
E) Multilayered

Question 17

The proximal nail fold attaches to the nail body as which of the following?

A) Shaft
B) Cuticle
C) Medulla
D) Root
E) Bulb

Question 18

When the hair follicles of the scalp shift from producing hairs to producing vellus hairs, which of the following may occur?

A) Puberty
B) Albinism
C) Senility
D) Hirsuitism
E) Baldness

Question 19

Which of the following is true regarding the sebaceous glands?

A) They are made up of 99% water as well as salts.
B) They have a normal acidic pH.
C) They are less active until puberty, when androgen production rises.
D) They open in a funnel-shaped pore at the surface of the skin.
E) They are most prominent on the palms and soles.

Question 20

Which of the following is not true about vitamin D synthesized by the skin?

A) It is essential for bone maintenance.
B) It is essential for absorption of calcium by the digestive system.
C) It carries out chemical conversions that assist the liver.
D) It is essential for formation of sebum.
E) It works with enzymes to activate certain steroids.

Question 21

Which of the following is true about scar tissue?

A) It has increased numbers of epidermal layers in the area of a wound.
B) It is a thickening stratum germinativum in the area of a wound.
C) It has increased numbers of perichondria.
D) It extends into the hypodermis.
E) It is mostly composed of collagen fibers.

Question 22

Which of the following is known as "cradle cap" in infants?

A) Seborrhea
B) Acne
C) Pustules
D) Earwax
E) Sebum

Question 23

Which of the following causes the most accidental deaths in the United States?

A) Squamous cell carcinoma
B) Atopic dermatitis
C) Burns
D) Basal cell carcinoma
E) Malignant melanoma

Question 24

Which of the following may cause wrinkling of the skin in elderly individuals?

A) Decreased thickness of the dermis
B) Increased keratinization of the epidermis
C) The loss of glands and hair follicles from the skin
D) Thickening of the epidermis
E) Thinning of the epidermis and reduced amounts of elastin

Question 25

Petechiae may be caused by which of the following?

A) Platelet abnormalities
B) Excessive collagen fibers
C) Increased amounts of hemoglobin
D) High numbers of granulocytes
E) Increased amounts of electrolytes

Question 26

Thickened yellow nails may indicate which of the following?

A) Respiratory conditions
B) Malnutrition
C) Bacterial infections
D) Fungal infections
E) Thyroid disorders

Question 27

Small white spots appearing on the forehead and nose of infants are called:

A) lanugo coats.
B) vernix caseosa.
C) milia.
D) eczema.
E) wrinkles.

Question 28

Which of the following epidermal cell types is the most numerous?

A) Dendritic cells
B) Tactile cells
C) Phagocytes
D) Melanocytes
E) Keratinocytes

Question 29

The epidermis provides a physical barrier because of the presence of which of the following?

A) Melanin
B) Keratin
C) Elastin
D) Collagen
E) Carotene

Question 30

Which of the following is not true about the papillary layer of the dermis?

A) It is most responsible for the toughness of the skin.
B) It is highly vascular.
C) It contains brown fat.
D) It contains nerve endings that respond to stimuli.
E) It is largely areolar connective tissue.

Question 31

Which of the following is not true regarding the deeper reticular layer?

A) The boundary between the papillary and reticular layers is not distinct.
B) The reticular layer makes up approximately 80% of the overall thickness of the dermis.
C) The dermis is more tightly secured to deeper structures.
D) It lacks fibroblasts and macrophages.
E) Motor processes carry impulses to the dermal glands.

Question 32

The rule of nines is helpful clinically for which of the following?

A) Estimating the seriousness of a cancer
B) Preventing infections
C) Estimating the extent of a burn
D) Estimating the chance of developing melanoma
E) Diagnosing skin cancer

Question 33

Which of the following is true about the arrector pili muscle?

A) It enables each hair to be stretched when wet.
B) It provides new cells for continued growth of associated hairs.
C) It is associated with every sweat gland.
D) It can cause a hair to stand up straight.
E) It is multi-nuclear.

Question 34

Skin cancers originating from __________ cells are called cutaneous carcinomas.

Question 35

The most serious form of skin cancer is __________.

Question 36

Large skin breaks may require __________.

Question 37

The arrector pili are the small muscles located in the dermis that cause __________.

Question 38

Oil glands in the skin are primarily located near __________.

Question 39

The sweat glands secrete about 17 ounces or 500 milliliters of sweat per day at __________.

Question 40

Pale, fine body hair associated with newborn children and women is called __________ hair.

Question 41

Types of skin cancers include squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and malignant __________.

Question 42

The __________ in keratinocytes protects the epidermis and dermis from the harmful effects of sunlight.

Question 43

The stratum __________ is also called the "clear layer."

Question 44

Keratin protects the stratum corneum against abrasion, and glycolipids cause its __________ resistance.

Question 45

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory __________ condition of the skin.

Question 46

Apocrine glands are activated by __________ nerve fibers during stress and pain.

Question 47

The low pH of the skin secretions is described as the acid __________.

Question 48

Unnoticed sweating is described as __________ perspiration.

Question 49

Third-degree burns often require skin __________, and if left to heal on their own may result in abnormal connective tissue fibrosis.

Question 50

Each person's fingerprints are unique, including those of identical twins.

Question 51

Bilirubin makes the skin appear yellowish, as in the condition called jaundice.

Question 52

Epidermal ridges can change during an individual's lifespan, and often disappear completely in elderly people.

Question 53

Fibroblasts and macrophages accumulate in the hypodermis.

Question 54

Alopecia is seen more commonly in males who have vitamin A deficiency.

Question 55

Nicotine and nitroglycerin cannot be absorbed through the skin.

Question 56

Cholesterol molecules convert to vitamin K precursors under the influence of sunlight.

Question 57

Cells move from the stratum germinativum to the stratum corneum in 15 to 30 days.

Question 58

At birth, the newborn's skin is covered with vernix caseosa.

Question 59

Tactile cells of the epidermal-dermal junction are also called Merkel cells.

Question 60

Hemoglobin is a protein found on the face of people with severe hypertension.

Question 61

The protein found in large amounts in the outermost layer of epidermal cells is elastin.

Question 62

Hair growth and density are influenced by nutrition, hormones, and, in some cases, environmental factors.

Question 63

Hirsuitism in women may result from thyroid and anterior pituitary gland tumors.

Question 64

Fibroblasts move to the site of injury to form new collagenous fibers that bind the edges of the wound together.

Question 65

Scar tissue is relatively flexible and cellular, which forms a keloid.

Question 66

Third-degree burns indicate that the patient has burns covering approximately one-third or more of the body.

Question 67

Vernix caseosa is a whitish substance produced by fetal apocrine sweat glands.