Deck 2: Chemical Basics of Life

Question 1

The simplest units of matter are:

A) protons.
B) electrons.
C) neutrons.
D) atoms.
E) molecules.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

When two hydrogen atoms bind with two oxygen atoms, the result is:

A) water.
B) hydrogen peroxide.
C) hydrogen molecules.
D) synthesis reactions.
E) decomposition reactions.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

If the atomic number of an element is 8, how many protons does the element contain?

A) 4
B) 6
C) 8
D) 10
E) 12

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Substances that release ions in water are called:

A) catalysts.
B) elements.
C) electrons.
D) electrolytes.
E) atoms.

Question 5

Steroid molecules are large molecules of:

A) lipids.
B) carbohydrates.
C) proteins.
D) nucleic acid.
E) water-soluble vitamins.

Question 6

Glycerol contains how many molecules of fatty acids?

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
E) 5

Question 7

Which of the following is not an example of an organic substance?

A) Lipids
B) Nucleic acid
C) Bicarbonate
D) Protein
E) Carbohydrate

Question 8

The atomic weight of an element's atom equals the number of:

A) electrons and protons.
B) electrons and neutrons.
C) protons and neutrons.
D) protons, electrons, and neutrons.
E) None of these is correct.

Question 9

Which of the following is the largest in size?

A) A proton
B) A neutron
C) An electron
D) An atom
E) A molecule

Question 10

Which of the following indicates the atomic number of an atom?

A) Protons and electrons in the atom
B) Protons and neutrons in the nucleus
C) Protons in the nucleus
D) Neutrons in the nucleus
E) Electrons in the outer shells

Question 11

The substances present in a mixture in smaller amounts are called:

A) solutes.
B) colloids.
C) solvents.
D) diluents.
E) sol-gels.

Question 12

Which of the following occurs in an ionic bond?

A) Two or more atoms lose electrons at the same time.
B) Hydrogen forms bonds with negatively charged atoms in the same or different molecule.
C) Atoms share electrons.
D) Electrons are transferred from one atom to another.
E) A pair of electrons is shared unequally by two atoms.

Question 13

Water is a polar molecule with two poles of charge. Which of the following best describes these two poles?

A) Surface tension
B) A double bond
C) A dipole
D) Radical
E) Covalent

Question 14

Which of the following is not an example of an inorganic compound?

A) Salt
B) Glucose
C) Water
D) Base
E) Acid

Question 15

Which of the following is the body's most readily available source of energy?

A) Proteins
B) Water
C) Lipids
D) Carbohydrates
E) Nucleic acids

Question 16

Which of the following is the most important metabolic fuel molecule in the body?

A) Glucose
B) Protein
C) Sucrose
D) Starch
E) Vitamins

Question 17

Which of the following is the storage carbohydrate of animal tissues?

A) Glucose
B) Sucrose
C) Glycogen
D) Fructose
E) Cellulose

Question 18

Which of the following statements is true regarding lipids?

A) They provide roughly twice the energy of carbohydrates.
B) They contain the genetic information found in cells.
C) They are composed of C, H, O, and N atoms.
D) They are integral molecules of the nucleus membrane.
E) They form the regulatory molecules known as enzymes.

Question 19

Which of the following types of lipids is mostly derived from arachidonic acid existing in all cell membranes and is involved in blood clotting and contractions during labor?

A) Triglyceride
B) Monoglyceride
C) Steroid
D) Prostaglandin
E) Glycolipid

Question 20

Glycoproteins are combinations of proteins and which of the following?

A) Lipids
B) Carbohydrates
C) Fatty acids
D) Steroids
E) Nucleic acids

Question 21

Each amino acid differs from other organic substances regarding which of the following?

A) Number of peptide bonds in the molecule
B) Number of central carbon atoms
C) Number of carboxyl groups
D) Size of the amino group
E) Nature of the R group

Question 22

Which of the following is not an example of globular proteins?

A) Protein-based hormones
B) Fibrous proteins
C) Antibodies
D) Enzymes
E) Collagens

Question 23

Which of the following is the structural unit of nucleic acids?

A) Purines
B) Pyrimidines
C) Nucleotides
D) Fatty acids
E) Amino acids

Question 24

If an isotope of lithium has 3 protons, 4 neutrons, and 3 electrons, its atomic weight is:

A) 4.
B) 6.
C) 7.
D) 10.
E) 16.

Question 25

Which of the following pH levels is closest to neutral pH?

A) 2
B) 6
C) 4
D) 5
E) 3

Question 26

Which of the following elements is the most plentiful in the human body?

A) Carbon
B) Potassium
C) Sulfur
D) Oxygen
E) Sodium

Question 27

Which of the following is true about ribonucleic acid (RNA)?

A) It contains the cell's genetic information
B) It is restricted to the nucleus.
C) It contains the pyrimidine uracil in place of thymine.
D) It is double stranded.
E) It contains the pentose deoxyribose.

Question 28

Which of the following elements is the second most abundant in the human body?

A) Carbon
B) Calcium
C) Oxygen
D) Hydrogen
E) Phosphorus

Question 29

Which of the following would be the result of this formula: ADP + P?

A) DNA
B) ATP
C) ADP
D) 2 ADP
E) Adenine

Question 30

Proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids are classified as which of the following?

A) Bases
B) Acids
C) Salts
D) Organic molecules
E) Inorganic molecules

Question 31

Which of the following is a polysaccharide formed in the liver and in the muscles?

A) Fructose
B) Starch
C) Glycogen
D) Cellulose
E) Sucrose

Question 32

Which of the following substances would be the least acidic?

A) White wine, pH = 3
B) Stomach secretions, pH = 1
C) Lemon juice, pH = 2
D) Urine, pH = 6
E) Tomato juice, pH = 4

Question 33

A triglyceride consists of which of the following?

A) Amino acids that have been thoroughly saturated with hydrogen
B) One glycerol molecule bonded to three fatty acid molecules
C) A sugar-phosphate backbone attached to two amino acid groups
D) Two or more hexoses
E) Two or more pentoses

Question 34

Enzymes are organic catalysts that:

A) determine the nature of the products of a reaction.
B) are essential raw materials for a chemical reaction and are converted into some of its products.
C) alter the direction in which a chemical reaction proceeds.
D) increase the speed of a chemical reaction.
E) increase production of vitamin D in the liver.

Question 35

Which of the following are examples of structural lipids?

A) Eicosanoids and lipases
B) Cholesterol and phospholipids
C) Unsaturated fats and nucleic acids
D) Saturated fats and lipoproteins
E) Triglycerides and carbohydrates

Question 36

Hydrogen ion concentrations can be measured by a value called __________.

Question 37

Atoms normally contain an equal number of protons and __________.

Question 38

Enzymes promote chemical reactions by lowering the activation __________ requirements.

Question 39

AB+CD→AD+CB is an example of a(n) __________ reaction.

Question 40

Phospholipids are an important part of __________ structures.

Question 41

Radiation is basically identified as one of three common forms: alpha, beta, or __________.

Question 42

Inorganic compounds do not contain __________ as the primary structural atom.

Question 43

The __________ contains approximately the entire mass of the atom.

Question 44

An example of a nonliving colloid that undergoes a sol-gel transformation is a gelatin product such as __________.

Question 45

Organic molecules are compounds that contain __________ as the primary structural atom.

Question 46

__________ control the rate of chemical reactions that occur in the human body.

Question 47

A molecule of __________ contains a five-carbon sugar called deoxyribose.

Question 48

__________ are heterogeneous mixtures that have large, visible solutes.

Question 49

The interaction of sodium and chlorine involves sodium donating one __________ to chlorine.

Question 50

An example of a(n) __________ bond is when two hydrogen atoms bond to form a hydrogen molecule.

Question 51

Most atoms that have only one or two __________ shell electrons are electropositive.

Question 52

Copper, fluorine, and iron are major elements of the human body.

Question 53

A phospholipid consists of a glycerol portion with amino acid chains.

Question 54

The major function of carbohydrates in the body is to provide amino acids.

Question 55

Solutions are homogeneous mixtures of components that may be solids, liquids, or gases.

Question 56

The three basic types of mixtures include colloids, compounds, and acid-bases.

Question 57

Neutrons bear a positive electrical charge.

Question 58

Acidosis is an abnormal physiological state caused by blood pH that is higher than 7.35.

Question 59

The simplest and smallest atom is lithium.

Question 60

Ammonia is a waste product of the body's breakdown of lipids.

Question 61

Hydrogen ion concentration can be measured by a value called pH.

Question 62

Alkalosis results from blood pH that is lower than 7.

Question 63

For many chemical reactions, water is an important reactant.

Question 64

A salt is an ionic compound that contains cations other than hydrogen ions.

Question 65

Saturated fats have fatty acid chains with single covalent bonds between carbon atoms.

Question 66

Phospholipids are structurally related to glycolipids, and are actually modified cholesterols.

Question 67

Most organic cofactors are derived from vitamin D.