Deck 16: Control of Microbial Diseases

Question 1

What is a common example of a viral disease that is showing signs of becoming resistant to medical treatment?

A) HIV
B) Mumps
C) Influenza
D) Measles

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Why are biofilms a challenge for treatment of bacterial disease?

A) breaks down antibiotic
B) antibiotic cannot recognize pathogen
C) antibiotic cannot reach pathogen
D) accelerates growth of pathogen

Answer 2

C

Question 3

What is NOT a good suggestion for protecting your tech device from germs?

A) Make sure phone is kept in protective case
B) Wash your hands before handling your devices
C) Use gadget-friendly wipes to keep your technology clean.
D) Keep your phone out of bathroom

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Your child scraped their knee. What should be the first thing you do?

A) Apply antiseptic spray
B) Cover with bandage
C) Wash wound with soap and water
D) Put on antibiotic ointment

Question 5

What is the main reason health experts are skeptical of the effectiveness of antibiotic soaps?

A) antibacterial agents need time to work.
B) antibacterial soap can cause allergic reactions
C) fear of antibiotic resistance
D) traditional soap cleans your hands more thoroughly

Question 6

$\beta$ -lactam antibiotics inhibit:

A) protein synthesis
B) cell membrane function
C) cell wall synthesis
D) nucleic acid synthesis

Question 7

Which of the following is MOST resistant to disinfection?

A) Prions
B) Bacterial spores
C) Helminth eggs
D) Mycobacteria

Question 8

___________ is a mechanism by which genes are passed from one mature bacterial cell to another.

A) Horizontal gene transfer
B) Transposons
C) Vertical gene transfer
D) Passive transfer

Question 9

Which of the following is an antiviral agent?

A) Harvoni
B) Penicillin
C) streptomycin
D) all of the above

Question 10

If an antibiotic inhibits the production of the enzyme transpeptidase what will likely be affected in the targeted pathogen?

A) Cell Wall
B) Cell Membrane
C) Protein Synthesis
D) Nucleic Acids

Question 11

Which drug(s) acts by molecular mimicry?

A) polymyxins
B) sulfa drugs
C) erythromycin
D) quinolones

Question 12

Which of the following may carry bacterial antibiotic resistance genes?

A) transposons
B) plasmids
C) chromosomes
D) all of the above

Question 13

The human body has ________times more bacterial cells living in or on it than the number of human cells

A) 5
B) 10
C) 15
D) 20

Question 14

What is the mechanism of activity of penicillin?

A) interference with metabolic activity
B) interference with nucleic acid synthesis
C) interference with cell wall synthesis
D) interference with protein synthesis

Question 15

Which would NOT be considered a method of chemical disinfection?

A) Pasteurization
B) Hydrogen Peroxide
C) Halogenation
D) Salt

Question 16

An antibiotic that inhibits what pathogen process would be best to combat Clostridium perfringens?

A) cell wall synthesis
B) cell membrane function
C) protein synthesis
D) nucleic acid production

Question 17

What is considered the "last stronghold" antibiotic?

A) ciprofloxacin
B) vancomycin
C) streptomycin
D) amoxicillin

Question 18

What are plasmids?

A) DNA that part of the bacterial chromosomes
B) Structures in the cell membrane that help give it stability
C) extra bits of DNA independent from the DNA of the bacterial chromosome
D) structures that work with ribosomes to create a tablet for protein synthesis

Question 19

What bacterial enzyme renders an antibiotic powerless?

A) $\beta$ lactamase
B) $\alpha$ protease
C) $\delta$ amylase
D) $\beta$ lipase

Question 20

Antimetabolites interfere with the metabolic activity of bacteria by blocking the production of what substance?

A) Nalidixic Acid
B) peptidoglycan
C) Ascorbic Acid
D) Folic Acid

Question 21

Who are the "gatekeepers" of the cell?

A) Cell membrane
B) Cell wall
C) Ribosomes
D) Mitochondria

Question 22

What is one of the most common physical forms of microbial growth?

A) Radiation
B) Temperature
C) Halogens
D) Aldehydes

Question 23

What is the structure where protein synthesis takes place in the cell?

A) nucleus
B) cell membrane
C) ribosome
D) plastids

Question 24

Polymyxin B would most likely affect which structure/process in the pathogen?

A) Protein synthesis would cease
B) Cell membrane would become more permeable
C) Cell wall would become less stable
D) Cell would stop secreting toxins

Question 25

What is the significance of "horizontal gene transfer" in the spread of antibiotic resistance?

Question 26

What is an example of a viral disease that is showing signa of becoming resistant to medical treatment?

Question 27

A strain of bacteria that has become resistant to antibiotic drugs is called a ____________.

Question 28

What is the difference between a broad-spectrum antibiotic and a narrow-spectrum antibiotic?

Question 29

How does Polymyxin B defeat bacteria?

Question 30

How do antimetabolites function?

Question 31

___________can rightly be considered the single most important discovery for the treatment of bacterial infections in the history of medicine

Question 32

Long chains of the cell wall are crosslinked together by an enzyme known as____________.

Question 33

Bacterial cells have rigid cell walls called ________________.

Question 34

Some bacteria possess. ________, which are extra bits of DNA independent from the DNA of the bacterial chromosome.

Question 35

It takes very few molecules of a heavy metal to kill or be toxic to microbes. What is this effect called?

Question 36

What are disinfectants that can be used on body tissues?

Question 37

Name two different types of disinfection.

Question 38

What is the mechanism for bacterial enzyme ß-lactamase to declaw an antibiotic?

Question 39

What is one reason you may choose a bacteriostatic over a bactericidal antibiotic?

Question 40

Antibiotic drugs target components of a microbe that human cells do not have. What is this called?

Question 41

________________are drugs that are structurally similar to natural compounds involved in metabolism and that competitively bind with these enzymes.

Question 42

What is a bacterial antibiotic-resistant strategy for antiribosomal drugs like tetracycline?

Question 43

Describe the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in bacteria.

Question 44

Name three of the mechanisms of antimicrobial activity.

Question 45

Provide the three methods of disinfection with one example.

Question 46

The misuse of antibiotics is now a major public health problem. Describe examples of "misuse." What do you recommend towards the solution?

Question 47

Why is antimicrobial soap ineffective?

Question 48

Sanitation is an important public health achievement of the past century. Write a short essay on this topic.