Deck 15: The Immune Response

Question 1

Which factor plays a significant role in immune status?

A) age
B) sex
C) nutrition
D) all of the above

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which government agency is responsible for licensing vaccines?

A) CDC
B) WHO
C) NIH
D) FDA

Answer 2

D

Question 3

How many toxoids does the DPT vaccine contain?

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) none of the above

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Vaccination has greatly reduced the incidence of

A) pertussis.
B) diphtheria.
C) tetanus.
D) all of the above

Question 5

The development and testing of a candidate vaccine are routinely done in ______ phases of clinical trials.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 6

Active immunization, as compared to passive,

A) affords immediate protection.
B) is not available for infants.
C) is the procedure of choice for infants.
D) has extended memory.

Question 7

Which of the following is a type of cancer involving white blood cells?

A) sarcoma
B) autoimmune diseases
C) AIDS
D) leukemia

Question 8

What component of the blood contains the most antibodies?

A) gamma globulin
B) white blood cells
C) platelets
D) complement

Question 9

A differential count reflects

A) the ratio of red blood cell types.
B) the ratio of white blood cell types.
C) the ratio of platelet types.
D) the ratio of antibody types.

Question 10

What is the one cell key to controlling the immune response?

A) Cytotoxic T cells
B) antigen presenting cells
C) T helper cells
D) macrophages

Question 11

An example of a nonspecific component of immunity is

A) complement.
B) humoral immunity.
C) cell-mediated immunity.
D) antibody immunity.

Question 12

The Sabin vaccine contains

A) live, attenuated poliovirus.
B) inactivated poliovirus.
C) a mixture of attenuated and inactivated polioviruses.
D) no poliovirus.

Question 13

Which vaccine was withdrawn shortly after its introduction?

A) Lymerix
B) RotaShield
C) Vivax
D) MMR

Question 14

Which of the following techniques is used to prepare attenuated vaccine preparations?

A) heat
B) formaldehyde
C) tissue culture passage
D) all of the above

Question 15

The recommended current immunization practice against polio in the United States is

A) 2 Sabin vaccine immunizations followed by 2 Salk vaccine immunizations.
B) 2 Salk vaccine immunizations followed by 2 Sabin vaccine immunizations.
C) Sabin, Salk, Sabin, Salk.
D) 4 Salk vaccine immunizations.

Question 16

The first vaccine was developed by

A) Edward Jenner.
B) Louis Pasteur.
C) James Watson.
D) Salk and Sabin.

Question 17

A function of complement results in Lysis causes

A) cell lysis cell death.
B) cell proliferation.
C) cell infection.
D) cell mutation.

Question 18

Lymph is dependent on

A) antibodies.
B) bone marrow.
C) cilia.
D) blood.

Question 19

The myeloid lineage does NOT lead to

A) platelets.
B) red blood cells.
C) lymphocytes.
D) leukocytes.

Question 20

Children born without a thymus gland have

A) DiGeorge syndrome.
B) AIDS.
C) Boy George syndrome.
D) no phagocytic capability.

Question 21

The term "effectiveness," a property of an ideal vaccine, is best described as

A) ability to produce a protective immune response.
B) does not produce a pronounced adverse reaction.
C) ability to be stored at room temperature.
D) being cost-effective.

Question 22

On the basis of the recommended childhood immunization protocol, the first immunization to be given is against

A) DPT.
B) MMR.
C) hepatitis B.
D) hepatitis A.

Question 23

Which of the following is associated with the use of influenza vaccine in 1976?

A) BCG
B) DPT
C) Guillain-Barré syndrome
D) serum sickness

Question 24

What is the first line of defense against microbial infection?

A) blood
B) skin
C) respiratory system
D) complement

Question 25

Penetration of microbes beyond the mucous membrane lining the digestive tract is known as

A) inflammation.
B) gastritis.
C) peritonitis.
D) SCID.

Question 26

________________ is a nonspecific defense mechanism by which monocytes and neutrophils engulf and destroy foreign substances.

A) Phagocytosis
B) Inflammation
C) Antibody production
D) none of the above

Question 27

Which category stimulates a recipient's immune system to produce antibodies and memory cells?

A) natural active immunization
B) natural passive immunization
C) passive immunization
D) artificial passive immunization

Question 28

Large protein Mmolecules that cause the production of specific antibodies are called

A) interferons.
B) immunoglobulins.
C) antigens.
D) antibodies.

Question 29

Who introduced vaccination against smallpox?

A) Edward Jenner
B) Robert Krasner
C) Stanley Prusiner
D) Louis Pasteur

Question 30

How many categories of antibodies are there?

A) 4
B) 5
C) 6
D) 10

Question 31

Which category of antibody is the most abundant?

A) IgA
B) IgG
C) IgD
D) IgE

Question 32

T-helper cells release molecules called

A) cytokines.
B) complement factors.
C) memory cells.
D) interferon.

Question 33

Which receptor molecule(s) is distinctive for cytotoxic T cells?

A) CD2
B) CD4
C) CD8
D) CD4 and CD8

Question 34

T lymphocytes are identified by surface _________ molecules

A) complement
B) Ig
C) CD
D) lysozyme

Question 35

Which disease is characterized by overproduction of monocytes and granular leukocytes?

A) lymphocytic leukemia
B) chronic leukemia
C) acute leukemia
D) myeloid leukemia

Question 36

Which condition is an inherited disorder of phagocytes?

A) SCID
B) acute leukemia
C) chronic leukemia
D) chronic granulomatous disease

Question 37

Which is an example of a primary immune structure?

A) bone marrow
B) spleen
C) adenoids
D) lymph

Question 38

Which is NOT an example of a secondary immune structure?

A) spleen
B) tonsils
C) thymus gland
D) adenoids

Question 39

Name the three categories of blood cells.

Question 40

__________________ and _________________ are examples of phagocytic cells.

Question 41

__________________ interferes with viral replication.

Question 42

What is aP in DTaP?

Question 43

Name the vaccine used against tuberculosis.

Question 44

An altered, "safe" toxin used for immunization is called (a) _________________.

Question 45

Which vaccine might rarely produce polio in a person, the Salk or Sabin vaccine?

Question 46

The availability of immunization is described as "good news" and "bad news." What is the bad news?

Question 47

Name a disease that is expected to be eradicated soon.

Question 48

__________________ is a series of blood proteins that serve as a significant defense mechanism against microbes.

Question 49

The function of complement is to ________ cells and enhance _______________.

Question 50

Immature lymphocytes leave the bone marrow and mature into T cells in the ________________.

Question 51

Name three secondary immune structures.

Question 52

In certain areas of the respiratory system, cells have hair-like projections called _____________.

Question 53

The concept of phagocytosis is credited to what person?

Question 54

Monocytes that have migrated out of the blood but retain their phagocytic capability are known as ________________________.

Question 55

Name the two categories of the specific immune system.

Question 56

Plasma cells may remain for many years as ________________ cells.

Question 57

What category of lymphocytes does HIV specifically attack?

Question 58

What does CD stand for?

Question 59

Which type of vaccine is used when attenuation has not been accomplished or when reversion to the virulent type is considered to be too risky?

Question 60

Live microbes are used in some vaccines; in order to decrease their virulence they are ________________.

Question 61

The smallpox vaccine was introduced by _____________________.

Question 62

The newer DPT vaccine is called _____________________.

Question 63

Immunotherapy with animal sera is hazardous because of the possible development of _____________________.

Question 64

Three properties are essential for a vaccine; they are safety, effectiveness, and _____________________.

Question 65

A once healthy person who now has a weakened immune system and suffers from repeated opportunistic infections probably has ____________________.

Question 66

The "active" component in tetanus antitoxin is ______________.

Question 67

A newborn receives maternal antibodies from its mother's milk; this is a form of natural ____________ immunization.

Question 68

Name the congenital condition in which individuals lack functional T and B cells and, therefore, cannot mount an effective immune response.

Question 69

What are the two pathways of blood cell maturation?

Question 70

B cells that are producing antibody molecules are known as ________________.

Question 71

The concept that interaction of the antigen with a specific B lymphocyte leading to expansion of this B lymphocyte during an infection is known as _____________.

Question 72

Name the three categories of blood cells and cite their functions.

Question 73

Describe the functions of cilia, phagocytosis, and lysozyme.

Question 74

SECRETED Antibodies combine with microbial antigens, thereby producing protective effects in several ways. List four of these mechanisms.

Question 75

Describe cell-mediated immunity.

Question 76

Many of the childhood diseases acquired early in life render a person immune to that disease for life. Explain the mechanism accounting for this.

Question 77

Describe three of the four types of active vaccines.

Question 78

List and describe three methods of active vaccine preparation.