Deck 9: Bacterial Genetics

Question 1

Which is NOT found in DNA?

A) adenine
B) guanine
C) cytosine
D) uridine

Answer 1

D

Question 2

The variable part of DNA is the

A) sugar.
B) phosphate.
C) nitrogenous base.
D) none of these.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The purine nucleotides are

A) A and T.
B) G andC.
C) A and G.
D) T and C

Answer 3

C

Question 4

It is estimated that more than ________species of microbes exist.

A) one million.
B) one billion.
C) one trillion
D) one quadrillion.

Question 5

A typical bacterial chromosome is composed of __________ DNA.

A) linear
B) circular
C) both a and b
D) neither a nor b

Question 6

If the sequence of a strand of DNA were AGCT, the sequence of the opposing strand would be

A) AGCT.
B) UCGA.
C) AGCU.
D) TCGA.

Question 7

If the sequence of a strand of DNA were AGCT, the sequence of complementary RNA would be

A) AGCT.
B) UCGA.
C) AGCU.
D) TCGA.

Question 8

What is the difference between constitutive and inducible enzymes?

A) Constitutive enzymes are necessary for the function of the cell
B) Constitutive enzymes are made by genes that turn on and off production
C) Inducible enzymes are not made all the time by genes
D) Inducible enzymes are not necessary for the function of the cell

Question 9

The starting point of DNA replication is

A) the two DNA strands begin to unzip at specific sites,
B) the enzyme DNA polymerase synthesizes a new complementary DNA strand
C) free nucleotides in the "soup" of the bacterial cytoplasm attach,
D) the enzymatic breakdown of the hydrogen bonds holding the two DNA strands together

Question 10

What is the final step of DNA to mRNA transcription?

A) Single strand of DNA at promoter site
B) Terminator sequence is reached
C) DNA is unzipped
D) Copy of mRNA is made

Question 11

Which of following bacterial pathogens have the largest genome?

A) C. tetani
B) E. coli
C) H. pylori
D) S. aureus

Question 12

Which of the following organisms have the most chromosomes?

A) Mosquito
B) Rye
C) Pigeon
D) Tulip

Question 13

Ribose and deoxyribose are ____ carbon sugars.

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5

Question 14

Which is the correct arrangement of groups for an amino acid?

A) R-amino-carboxyl
B) amino-R-carboxyl
C) carboxyl-amino-R
D) none of these

Question 15

The molecule with a cloverleaf shape is

A) amino acid.
B) mRNA.
C) DNA.
D) tRNA.

Question 16

Translation starts at the codon AUG, which codes for the amino acid

A) glycine.
B) glutamic acid.
C) methionine.
D) phenylalanine.

Question 17

The genetic code has ____ stop or terminator codon/s.

A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4

Question 18

The gene for the enzyme $\beta$ -galacosidase is only turned on when the substrate for $\beta$ -gal is present; this is an example of a/an _____________ gene.

A) constitutive
B) inducible
C) repressible
D) irrepressible

Question 19

Which of these terms regarding mutation is INCORRECT?

A) insertion-addition of nucleotide(s) to coding sequence
B) point mutation-substitution of one nucleotide for another
C) nonsense-one nucleotide change in a codon leading to a different amino acid
D) all are correct

Question 20

Mechanisms of gene recombination in bacteria involve which of the following?

A) homologous recombination
B) unidirectional transfer of DNA
C) horizontal transfer
D) all of these

Question 21

Which of these terms regarding recombination is INCORRECT?

A) transformation-uptake of DNA
B) transduction-transfer of DNA via phage
C) conjugation-transfer of DNA from lysogenic bacterium
D) all are correct

Question 22

Bacterial cells capable of taking up exogenous DNA, through transformation, are said to be ________.

Question 23

Recombination as part of reproduction (sex) is termed _____________, while recombination separate from reproduction is termed _________.

Question 24

Transposons have been described as __________ genes.

Question 25

A group of functionally related bacterial genes under control of the same promoter is termed a/n _____.

Question 26

A gene that is always active is termed_________.

Question 27

Why is the amino acid serine coded by more than one codon?

Question 28

The mutation of the sixth amino acid in hemoglobin from a glutamic acid to a valine is an example of a _________ mutation.

Question 29

The distinctive chemical properties of an amino acid are derived from its _______.

Question 30

Adjacent amino acids in a protein are held together by __________.

Question 31

The two key "business sites" on a tRNA are the _____ and _______.

Question 32

Transcription begins at a _______ and ends at a __________ sequence.

Question 33

In conjugation, bacterial cells are connected via a ______________.

Question 34

Transduction involving a prophage is termed _________.

Question 35

What type of bacterial mutation occurs when one nucleotide changes in a codon, leading to a different amino acid;

Question 36

The complementary strands of DNA in a double helix have an ____________ arrangement.

Question 37

F⁺ bacteria contain a _________, while F^- cells do not.

Question 38

The components of a nucleotide found in DNA are:

Question 39

Using a ladder as an analogy for DNA, the sides of the ladder are composed of_____________.

Question 40

Using a ladder as an analogy for DNA, the horizontal rungs of the ladder are composed of_____.

Question 41

The nitrogenous bases in the DNA duplex are held together by ____________.

Question 42

The first step in DNA replication is ___________.

Question 43

The enzyme used to synthesize DNA is ___________.

Question 44

The chromosomes of eucaryotic organisms are composed of linear DNA, while most bacteria have __________ DNA chromosomes.

Question 45

Explain the mechanism behind bacterial conjugation.

Question 46

List examples of a physical and a chemical mutagen.

Question 47

How is RNA different from DNA?

Question 48

Why is DNA replication described as being semi-conservative?

Question 49

Explain the process of transduction in bacteria.