Deck 1: Pre-Germ Theory

Question 1

What was likely NOT the cause of the connection between microbes and infectious diseases?

A) Invention of the microscope
B) Surgeons washing hands between patients
C) Observations of infection control practices delivering babies
D) Fresh air circulating in hospital rooms

Answer 1

A

Question 2

What led to high rates of infectious diseases during the Civil War?

A) Powder burns
B) Polluted waterways
C) Lack of bandages
D) Primitive weapons

Answer 2

B

Question 3

What was the miasma theory about the source of infection?

A) Noxious gas
B) Microbes
C) Fungi
D) Living material

Answer 3

A

Question 4

What scientist first coined the term "cell"?

A) Anton Leuwenhoek
B) Robert Hooke
C) John Snow
D) Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis

Question 5

Jean Vilemin was able to produce _______ in laboratory rabbits.

A) Ricketts
B) Cholera
C) Gangrene
D) Tuberculosis

Question 6

Joseph Lister applied ________ to dressings to prevent infection.

A) Listerine
B) Phenol
C) Lime
D) Alcohol

Question 7

What was the response to others in the medical community to Lister's antisepsis findings?

A) They ignored them
B) They ridiculed him
C) His findings were well received
D) None of the above

Question 8

Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis was an advocate of_________.

A) Sterilizing surgical instruments
B) Wearing a mask and gloves
C) Handwashing
D) Antiseptic

Question 9

Semmelweis made doctors wash hands with __________ between procedures.

A) Iodide
B) Alcohol
C) Soap
D) Chloride of lime

Question 10

Semmelweis was rewarded for his work with a(n)________.

A) Nobel Peace Prize
B) Commitment to an asylum
C) Royal Commendation
D) Accolades from colleagues

Question 11

John Snow studied a major epidemic of what bacterial disease?

A) Cholera
B) Botulism
C) Tuberculosis
D) Rickets

Question 12

Snow's detective work showed what?

A) Patients were not washing their hands
B) The handle of a water pump was contaminated with sewage
C) Doctors were not using masks or gloves with patients.
D Drinking water was taken from different wells

Question 13

Florence Nightingale would NOT likely be a proponent of:

A) quiet dimmed rooms
B) frequently changed bandages
C) efficient drainage
D) handwashing

Question 14

Nightingale's actions cut the mortality rate in the military hospitals to:

A) 40%
B) 15%
C) 2%
D) 1%

Question 15

Mary Jane Seacole's care included what treatment that Nightingale likely did NOT include?

A) Fresh ventilation
B) Herbal remedies
C) Peaceful atmosphere
D) Windows in rooms

Question 16

Changes in Civil War medical procedures were made based upon:

A) Notes from doctors in other conflicts
B) First hand observation
C) Scientific research papers
D) Medical textbooks

Question 17

What was puerperal fever?

A) Childbed fever
B) Typhus fever
C) Rickets fever
D) Cholera

Question 18

What was the deadliest infectious disease for the Union army during the Civil War?

A) Diphtheria
B) Influenza
C) Measles
D) Common cold

Question 19

What type of pathogen put the Union soldiers in the most peril?

A) Bacterium
B) Virus
C) Protozoan
D) A and B

Question 20

What was the leading killer in the American Civil War?

A) Broken hearts
B) Bullets
C) Disease
D) Exposure

Question 21

What were two of the bloodiest wars in human history?

Question 22

The 19^th century theory that infection was the result of noxious or toxic vapors emanating from sewage or filth and trash in towns

Question 23

Joseph Lister applied what to bandages of his patients?

Question 24

What scientist's ideas helped Lister make the connection between microbes and infectious disease?

Question 25

Carl Crede's claim to fame was developing a pro- phylactic treatment for what disease that lead to the blindness in newborns?

Question 26

What was the pathogen that caused gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum?

Question 27

What treatment did Carl Crede find the most effective treatment for newborns

Question 28

What was the theory that plants, animals and insects arose from nonliving things?

Question 29

Florence Nightingale emphasized the need for adequate ventilation and cleanliness to promote healing of patients. She insisted that windows and fireplaces be left open in order to allow fresh air to freely circulate in the wards. What is one word that would describe her from this description?

Question 30

What is the term which means "contaminated with microbes"?

Question 31

What organization did Civil War nurse Clara Barton later form?

Question 32

What was the purpose of emergency treatment units (ETUs) during the Ebola outbreak in West Africa?

Question 33

What was the major achievement of Global Handwashing Day in 2008?

Question 34

What do we call the disease today that in the 19^th century was known as "consumption"?

Question 35

Matching
The idea that microbes caused infectious diseases was unproven however, some pioneering figures in medicine recognized that cleanliness could prevent contagion and mortalities. A few of those medical geniuses are listed in the below.
-Ordered all obstetricians and medical students to wash their hands with chloride of lime before entering the maternity ward.

A) Joseph Lister
B) John Snow
C) Ignaz Semmelweis
D) Florence Nightingale
E) Carl Siegmund Franz Crede
F) Jean-Antoine Villemin

Question 36

Matching
The idea that microbes caused infectious diseases was unproven however, some pioneering figures in medicine recognized that cleanliness could prevent contagion and mortalities. A few of those medical geniuses are listed in the below.
-Produce tuberculosis in laboratory rabbits

A) Joseph Lister
B) John Snow
C) Ignaz Semmelweis
D) Florence Nightingale
E) Carl Siegmund Franz Crede
F) Jean-Antoine Villemin

Question 37

Matching
The idea that microbes caused infectious diseases was unproven however, some pioneering figures in medicine recognized that cleanliness could prevent contagion and mortalities. A few of those medical geniuses are listed in the below.
-Transformed surgery and the management of childbirth into safe procedures through the use of chemically treated dressings and carbolic acid sprays.

A) Joseph Lister
B) John Snow
C) Ignaz Semmelweis
D) Florence Nightingale
E) Carl Siegmund Franz Crede
F) Jean-Antoine Villemin

Question 38

Matching
The idea that microbes caused infectious diseases was unproven however, some pioneering figures in medicine recognized that cleanliness could prevent contagion and mortalities. A few of those medical geniuses are listed in the below.
-Developed a prophylactic treatment to prevent gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum, a form of blindness in newborns.

A) Joseph Lister
B) John Snow
C) Ignaz Semmelweis
D) Florence Nightingale
E) Carl Siegmund Franz Crede
F) Jean-Antoine Villemin

Question 39

Matching
The idea that microbes caused infectious diseases was unproven however, some pioneering figures in medicine recognized that cleanliness could prevent contagion and mortalities. A few of those medical geniuses are listed in the below.
-Sanitarian who emphasized the need for adequate ventilation and cleanliness to promote healing of patients.

A) Joseph Lister
B) John Snow
C) Ignaz Semmelweis
D) Florence Nightingale
E) Carl Siegmund Franz Crede
F) Jean-Antoine Villemin

Question 40

Matching
The idea that microbes caused infectious diseases was unproven however, some pioneering figures in medicine recognized that cleanliness could prevent contagion and mortalities. A few of those medical geniuses are listed in the below.
-Laid the groundwork for modern methodologies of epidemiology.in study of cholera.

A) Joseph Lister
B) John Snow
C) Ignaz Semmelweis
D) Florence Nightingale
E) Carl Siegmund Franz Crede
F) Jean-Antoine Villemin

Question 41

What observations/conclusions did Carl Crede make that led to his discovery of gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum?

Question 42

Who made a greater contribution to the field of microbiology Robert Hooke or Anton van Leeuwenhoek? Explain your reasoning.

Question 43

Name three individuals and their contributions to the advancement of medicine in this chapter.

Question 44

What led to the high rates of infection during the Civil War?

Question 45

Compare and contrast hospital sanitation of today with those in the 19^th century.

Question 46

What led people to accept the notion that microbes cause infectious disease?