Deck 15: Understanding Biological Threats and Public Health Preparedness in Homeland Security

Question 1

After the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, the nation, for the first time, began to speak collectively about which of the following?

A) Homeland security
B) Homeland defense
C) Emergency management
D) Public health preparedness

Answer 1

A

Question 2

Which of the following refers to planning and responding to acute events, as opposed to chronic conditions that evolve over time?

A) Homeland security
B) Homeland defense
C) Emergency management
D) Public health preparedness

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Public health preparedness, like which of the following, is a term that represents concerns and actions that have occurred throughout history?

A) Homeland security
B) Homeland defense
C) Emergency management
D) National security

Answer 3

A

Question 4

What kind of threat can be thought of as along a continuum, to include everything from naturally occurring diseases to the intentional release of agents?

A) Chemical weapons
B) Biological weapons
C) Radiological weapons
D) Nuclear weapons

Question 5

Which of the following refers to the knowing or malicious use of a biological agent to affect the agricultural industry or food supply?

A) Bioterrorism
B) Agroterrorism
C) Biological warfare
D) Biological combustion

Question 6

Of the many biological agents that exist in nature, most effort is directed at which of the following as the primary source of potential biological weapons?

A) Prions
B) Bacteria
C) Fungi
D) Yeasts

Question 7

Between 2012 and April 2017, there have been over 1900 cases of Middle Eastern Respiratory Syndrome, with the majority of cases occurring in what country?

A) Iran
B) Iraq
C) Syria
D) Saudi Arabia

Question 8

The prevalence of which of the following has risen dramatically among Russian military recruits, posting unique challenges to both the civilian and military sectors to address the problem?

A) SARS
B) Ebola
C) HIV/AIDS
D) Zika

Question 9

New approaches, from animal practices to economic models, are currently being considered by governments in an attempt to address what threat?

A) Bioterrorism
B) Pandemic influenza
C) Antimicrobial resistance
D) Radiological dispersion

Question 10

Which of the following was a naturally occurring disease that caused morbidity and mortality, invoked fear, affected travel, led to population discrimination, created an economic burden on certain nations, and affected security?

A) SARS
B) Ebola
C) HIV/AIDS
D) Zika

Question 11

The fear generated by which of the following gripped the nation and demonstrate the grave threat from biological weapons?

A) Ebola virus
B) SARS outbreak
C) Zika virus
D) Anthrax letters

Question 12

What document remained the primary policy directive concerning biodefense until the National Strategy for Countering Biological Threats was released in late 2009?

A) HSPD 8
B) HSPD 10
C) HSPD 18
D) HSPD 21

Question 13

Executive Order 13527 spells out the role of what agency in the delivery of medical countermeasures and calls on the Department of Health and Human Services to develop continuity in operations plans in the event of a large-scale biological attack?

A) U.S. Postal Service
B) U.S. Food and Drug Administration
C) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
D) U.S. National Guard

Question 14

Which of the following refers to the protection of agents or facilities against the theft or diversion of high-consequence microbial agents, which could be used by someone who maliciously intends to conduct bioterrorism or pursue biological weapons proliferation?

A) Biorisk
B) Biosafety
C) Biosecurity
D) Biosurveillance

Question 15

Which of the following proposed a system, based mostly on voluntary self-governance by the scientific community, which would have experiments reviewed at several stages to evaluate for dual use concerns?

A) The Fink Report
B) The Belmont Report
C) USG Policy for Oversight of Life Sciences Dual Use Research Concern
D) The Federal Select Agents Program

Question 16

The Global Partnership Against the Spread of Weapons and Materials of Mass Destruction was established in 2002 to collaborate on and implement projects around the world to counter WMD proliferation. To date, which of the following is the only country to have left this consortium?

A) Italy
B) France
C) Canada
D) Russia

Question 17

As part of an effort to build the national infrastructure for research, the NIAID established which of the following?

A) Centers for Disease Control and Preventions
B) Centers of Excellence for Translational Research
C) Centers for Therapeutic Innovation
D) Centers for Assistive Technology

Question 18

In recognition of the challenges posted by sample management and storage, and prompted largely by the perceived shortcomings of the global response to Ebola, there has been renewed interest in developing global guidelines for which of the following?

A) Biosafety
B) Biosecurity
C) Biobanking
D) Biosurveillance

Question 19

When SARS emerged in 2003 and what type of virus was identified as the causative agent, scientific expertise regarding this relatively obscure virus was ready and available because of long-term funding by the NIH?

A) Adenovirus
B) Norovirus
C) Coronavirus
D) Megavirus

Question 20

Police powers, including the powers to regulate health and safety, are the responsibility of the federal government.

Question 21

Public health preparedness, as a subdivision of homeland security, strives to promote the general welfare and provide for the common defense.

Question 22

The concepts of preparedness and response are typically included in "security" and not in "defense."

Question 23

For a biological event to be an effective weapon, it should ideally have high toxicity, be fast acting, be predictable in its impact, and have a capacity for survival outside the host for enough time to infect the victim.

Question 24

For the public health and medical communities to be prepared for and to respond appropriately to CBRN threats, they must work closely with a wide range of communities.

Question 25

Schedule 1 chemical and precursors are for those chemicals that can most easily be used as weapons and there is very little use for them otherwise.

Question 26

In addition to intentional releases of chemical agents, the accidental releases of agents have also posed significant challenges to public health and medical systems worldwide, and have adversely affected the health of populations.

Question 27

Formal recognition of disease as a security threat did not begin to take form until the 1990s.

Question 28

America is the world leader in fighting pandemics, including HIV/AIDS, and in improving global health security.

Question 29

Over 30% of cases of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome result in death and it appears that red foxes are the major reservoir for the disease.

Question 30

The majority of the funds created the by the Project Bioshield Act of 2004 were used to target only three pathogens-Ebola, HIV virus, and Salmonella-which led some to criticize why some of the funds wasn't used to develop therapeutics against other biological agents such as anthrax.

Question 31

In response to the Project BioShield Act, Congress and the Bush administration passed the Public Readiness and Emergency Preparedness Act, which increases liability associated with public health countermeasures used on an emergency basis.

Question 32

Public health professionals and emergency medical responses should be managed by the Department of Health and Human Services, which has the greatest health experience and expertise.

Question 33

The integrated approach to biological threats within the laboratory environment is the responsibility of the individual laboratories.

Question 34

The prospect of bioterrorism has raised legitimate concerns about the potential abuse of published information.

Question 35

Synthetic biology can be used to create naturally occurring pathogens de novo, including pathogens that are difficult to obtain or have been eradicated.

Question 36

Many of the most renowned researchers working on dangerous pathogens have been described as "disease chasers."

Question 37

Increasing high-containment laboratory capacity has been described as a double-edge sword.

Question 38

What are the responsibilities of the public health community after a radiologic exposure?

Question 39

Name a large-scale radiological accident.

Question 40

What are the different types of biological weapons?

Question 41

What is the Stafford Act?

Question 42

What was PDD 39?

Question 43

What is the Intelligence Community?

Question 44

What is the National Incident Management System?

Question 45

What is the National Response Framework?

Question 46

What is the major public health portion of the National Response Framework?

Question 47

Name at least one type of intelligence utilized by the intelligence community.

Question 48

What is the dual use dilemma?

Question 49

What is the Fink Report?

Question 50

The core functions of which of the following need to be supplemented by specialized training, procedures, laws, regulations, and planning, so that all relevant sectors can operate effectively and in a coordinated fashion during a crisis?

A) Homeland security
B) Homeland defense
C) Emergency management
D) Public health preparedness

Question 51

What organization, with support from the U.S. CDC, developed model core competencies in public health preparedness and response?

A) Association of Schools and Programs of Public Health
B) World Health Organization
C) American Public Health Association
D) Association of Public Health Laboratories

Question 52

In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, what agency set up a phone-based medical consultation service for providers in the region?

A) American Red Cross
B) National Institutes of Health
C) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
D) Food and Drug Administration

Question 53

Which of the following brings together all segments of society to focus on preparedness and lessen the impact of disasters?

A) Millennium Development Goals
B) National Mitigation Framework
C) Strategic National Stockpile
D) National Disaster Medical System

Question 54

Which of the following develops protocols and processes for responding to large-scale disasters that require multiple U.N. agencies?

A) Millennium Development Goals
B) National Mitigation Framework
C) Transformative Agenda
D) National Disaster Medical System

Question 55

In what step of the planning process is the plan put into a specific format?

A) Step 2
B) Step 3
C) Step 4
D) Step 5

Question 56

Which of the following contains a long list of questions that can be consulted if questions arise about the plan?

A) Community Preparedness Guide 101
B) National Incident Management System
C) National Response Plan
D) National Response Framework

Question 57

What action involved with the plan can be done by putting it on a website, printed and handed out, or placed in an easily accessible location?

A) Preparing the plan
B) Reviewing the plan
C) Disseminating the plan
D) Implementing the plan

Question 58

Which of the following is the basis for all of the preparedness cycle activities?

A) The plan
B) Organization of the responders
C) Performing training exercises
D) Disseminating the plan

Question 59

If someone needs to represent the response, who would perform this function if the incident commander is unavailable?

A) Safety officer
B) Liaison officer
C) Public information officer
D) Deputy incident commander

Question 60

Which of the following is the optimum number of persons working for one supervisor under the Incident Command System?

A) Three direct reports per supervisor
B) Five direct reports per supervisor
C) Seven direct reports per supervisor
D) Nine direct reports per supervisor

Question 61

Subject matter experts that can provide information and technical assistance are assigned to what section as needed?

A) Operations Section
B) Planning Section
C) Logistics Section
D) Administrative/Finance Section

Question 62

According to the Federal Emergency Management Agency, certain documents must be transmitted by what fashion?

A) Email
B) Text message
C) Fax machine
D) U.S. mail

Question 63

What branch of the Logistics Section can move resources from one area to another, as well as maintain the response vehicles?

A) Service Branch
B) Support Branch
C) Ground Support Branch
D) Technical Assistance Branch

Question 64

The overall objective of what core capability is to establish and maintain a unified and coordinated operational structure and process that appropriately integrates all critical stakeholders, and supports the execution of core capabilities?

A) Planning
B) Pubic Information and Warning
C) Operational Coordination
D) Community Resilience

Question 65

The core capabilities of the national emergency management level are organized into which of the following?

A) Response groups
B) Mission areas
C) Operations sections
D) Deployment clusters

Question 66

By using which of the following, the agency can directly disseminate information to the media or to state, local, tribal, and territorial partners, as well as the international community?

A) Joint Information Center
B) National Incident Management System
C) National Response Plan
D) National Response Framework

Question 67

Which of the following allows the programmer a way forward in designing the software or programming for the training?

A) Dashboarding
B) Storyboarding
C) Brainstorming
D) Snowballing

Question 68

Which of the following occurs when outside developers are brought in to look at the product from an outsider's perspective?

A) External evaluation
B) Internal evaluation
C) Administrative evaluation
D) Comprehensive evaluation

Question 69

In June 2015, the government of what country launched its PREPARE project, which included an effort to train multidisciplinary rapid response teams in each of Guinea's eight administrative regions?

A) France
B) England
C) Germany
D) United States

Question 70

In response to the Guinean Ebola outbreak, which agency had begun assisting the three most heavily affected countries with the development of economic recovery plans, acknowledging the severe financial toll the outbreak would take in terms of lost trade and tourism, not to mention the tragic loss of human capital?

A) World Bank
B) World Health Organization
C) World Food Programme
D) Ministry of Health

Question 71

The results of the CASPER following the Zika outbreak revealed that most people saw information regarding the Zika virus through what method?

A) Online ads
B) Bus ads
C) Television commercials
D) Posters in doctor's offices

Question 72

Public health preparedness refers to planning for and responding to acute events, as opposed to chronic condition over time.

Question 73

In the United States, the most extreme position regarding national security is that it does not matter if the threat to security comes from within or from outside the nation.

Question 74

Most Category A biological threats are waterborne or foodborne.

Question 75

Overall, the current threat posed by biological weapons has decreased significantly in the past decade.

Question 76

The spread of new microbes or viruses, the rise and spread of drug resistance, and the deliberate release of pathogens all represent threats that are exacerbated by the globalization of travel, food production and supply, and medical products.

Question 77

Chronic diseases emerge from every corner of the world, and because of rapid transportation networks, can spread from international airports around the world in 24 to 48 hours.

Question 78

The purpose of the Freedmen's Bureau, which was located in the War Department and only existed for 7 years, was to assist in disaster relief.

Question 79

The 1995 Presidential Decision Directive 39 (PDD-39), "United States Policy on Counterterrorism," was the last major policy guidance that addressed disaster preparedness and response prior to 2001.

Question 80

The process of human drug and vaccine development typically takes a decade, which is too long to combat and emerging threat that may occur without warning and spread rapidly.