Deck 8: Ionizing and Nonionizing Radiation

Question 1

Which of the following products sometimes contain radioactive substances?

A) Dentures
B) Toothpaste
C) Tobacco products
D) Smoke detectors
E) Dentures, tobacco products, and smoke detectors

Answer 1

E

Question 2

Each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei and is radioactive is called a(n):

A) isotope.
B) radioisotope.
C) nuclide.
D) radionuclide.
E) None of these is correct.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The amount of exposure to radiation that a person receives is not affected by which of the following?

A) Total time of exposure
B) Distance from the source
C) Degree of radioactivity of the material
D) Size or weight of the radioactive source
E) None of these is correct.

Answer 3

D

Question 4

Which of the following is an SI unit of ionizing radiation measurement?

A) Curie
B) Rad
C) Becquerel
D) Rem
E) Roentgen

Question 5

The term mrad stands for:

A) 1/1,000,000 of a rad.
B) 1/1000 of a rad.
C) 1000 rad.
D) 1/100 rad.
E) 1,000,000 rad.

Question 6

Which of the following forms of radiation can penetrate up to a 2-cm layer of skin tissue?

A) Alpha particles
B) Beta particles
C) Gamma rays
D) X-rays
E) None of these is correct.

Question 7

Which of the following is a measure of radiation dose related to biological effect?

A) The curie or becquerel
B) The rad or gray
C) The rem or sievert
D) The roentgen or coulomb per kilogram
E) None of these is correct.

Question 8

Which of the following is a measure used to describe the amount of radioactivity in a sample of material?

A) The curie or becquerel
B) The rad or gray
C) The rem or sievert
D) The roentgen or coulomb per kilogram
E) None of these is correct.

Question 9

Which of the following is a measure of the absorbed dose of radiation?

A) The curie or becquerel
B) The rad or gray
C) The rem or sievert
D) The roentgen or coulomb per kilogram
E) None of these is correct.

Question 10

Which of the following statements is false?

A) Alpha and beta particles pose little or no hazard to human health.
B) Cosmic rays are a form of natural background radiation.
C) Street clothing protects the skin against alpha and beta particles.
D) Washing contaminated skin can reduce radiation exposure.
E) All of these are correct.

Question 11

Sources of nonionizing radiation include:

A) radiation from power lines.
B) radio waves.
C) infrared radiation.
D) visible light radiation.
E) All of these are correct.

Question 12

A major concern of exposure to extremely low frequency radiation has been:

A) leukemia risk.
B) cataracts.
C) malignant melanoma.
D) None of these is correct.

Question 13

Which of the following statements is not accurate in view of research on the association between exposure to EMF and cancer?

A) The long-term effects are open to debate.
B) The long-term effects are clear and definitive.
C) The findings of some studies are questionable because of small sample sizes.
D) In a Norwegian study, no firm conclusions could be drawn.
E) None of these is correct.

Question 14

Which of the following portions of the optical spectrum has been most closely associated with adverse human health effects?

A) UVA
B) UVB
C) UBC
D) IRA
E) IRB

Question 15

Which of the following is the most dangerous health effect linked to cell phone use?

A) Brain tumors
B) Headaches
C) Memory loss
D) Sleep disturbance
E) Traffic crashes

Question 16

A radiation exposure device that is used commonly in the occupational environment is a film badge.

Question 17

The unit of energy associated with emissions from radioactive material (radionuclide) is the electron volt (eV).

Question 18

The term __________ refers to the belief that some nonnutritional toxic substances also may impart beneficial or stimulatory effects at low doses, but at higher doses they produce adverse effects.

Question 19

Environmental __________ produces one of the largest sources of human exposure to ionizing radiation and is thought to be one of the leading causes of lung cancer in the United States.

Question 20

Explain stochastic effects of radiation.