Question 1

Internal review boards (IRBs) are governed by:&#10;A) state legislators.&#10;B) the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.&#10;C) the Office for Human Research Protections.&#10;D) the sponsoring university.

Accepted Answer

The Office for Human Research Protections (OHRP) is responsible for overseeing the activities of IRBs and ensuring that they comply with federal regulations.

Question 2

Chapter 3 provides a history lesson regarding Tuskegee. Why is this important?&#10;A) This tragedy was a main impetus for federal oversight of research with humans.&#10;B) It reminds us that racial inequities still exist in the United States.&#10;C) Tuskegee is important because it revealed corruption and immorality in research.

Accepted Answer

The Tuskegee Study was a significant event that led to the establishment of ethical standards and federal oversight in human research to prevent such unethical practices from occurring again.

Question 3

Deception in human research studies is no longer allowed, under any conditions.

Accepted Answer

Deception in human research studies is still allowed under certain conditions, provided that it is justified by the study's significant prospective value and that participants are debriefed as soon as possible.

Question 4

You have proposed a research study to an IRB. It provides $100 to people who agree to complete a 30-minute, anonymous survey about their health history. What is potentially unethical here?&#10;A) The amount of compensation could be considered coercive.&#10;B) Personal health information is protected under federal law.&#10;C) Surveys, by definition, are never anonymous.

Accepted Answer

The amount of compensation could be considered coercive, as it might unduly influence individuals to participate in the study, especially if they are in financial need, potentially compromising their ability to give informed consent freely.

Question 5

The concept of a placebo effect relates to which ethical concern described in Chapter 3?&#10;A) Social media&#10;B) Deception&#10;C) Fraudulent identity use&#10;D) Coercion

Accepted Answer

The placebo effect involves giving participants a treatment with no therapeutic value, which can involve deception if participants are not informed that they might receive a placebo instead of an active treatment.

Question 6

A key advantage of using social media platforms for survey research is that the use of this method ensures complete anonymity.

Accepted Answer

Social media platforms often require user accounts, which can compromise anonymity, and data collected may be linked to user profiles.

Question 7

Which principle of the Belmont Report applies to using study populations for research when those populations are unlikely to directly benefit from the research findings?&#10;A) Autonomy&#10;B) Beneficence&#10;C) Scrutiny&#10;D) Justice

Accepted Answer

The principle of Justice in the Belmont Report addresses the fair distribution of the benefits and burdens of research. It ensures that populations are not exploited and that the selection of research subjects is equitable, especially when they are unlikely to benefit directly from the research.

Question 8

People have the right to make fully informed decisions about whether they want to participate in a research study. This forms the basis for:&#10;A) autonomy.&#10;B) beneficence.&#10;C) scrutiny.&#10;D) justice.

Accepted Answer

Autonomy refers to the right of individuals to make informed decisions about their own lives and bodies, including whether to participate in research.

Question 9

Which of the following phrases best relates to the concept of beneficence?&#10;A) The study will not exclude women who have a history of substance use.&#10;B) Deception will not be used.&#10;C) Taking part in this study may provide you with information about smoking cessation that proves useful in your future attempts to quit tobacco use.

Accepted Answer

Beneficence refers to actions that promote the well-being of others. In the context of research, it involves providing benefits to participants, such as useful information or interventions.

Question 10

The inadvertent disclosure of a study volunteer's participation is an example of an ethical violation based on the principle of:&#10;A) autonomy.&#10;B) beneficence.&#10;C) scrutiny.&#10;D) justice.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The inadvertent disclosure of a study volunteer's...

Deck 3: Ethical Standards and Practice for Public Health Research