Question 1

Primarily a function of population health, a critical function of epidemiology dentifies the most extreme health disparities and makes this information available to other public health professionals.

Accepted Answer

Epidemiology studies the distribution and determinants of health-related states, identifying health disparities to inform public health actions.

Question 2

What disadvantage is not explicitly considered to be linked with a health disparity in this chapter?&#10;A) Education&#10;B) Socioeconomic status&#10;C) Gender&#10;D) Race/ethnicity

Accepted Answer

Education is not explicitly considered to be linked with a health disparity in this chapter.

Question 3

Which of the following is least likely to be an indicator of study inclusion criteria?&#10;A) Race/ethnicity&#10;B) Age&#10;C) Number of living children&#10;D) Location of residence&#10;E) Socioeconomic status

Accepted Answer

E

Question 4

Individual-level factors can interact with macro-level factors.

Accepted Answer

Individual-level factors, such as personal beliefs or behaviors, can interact with macro-level factors like societal norms or economic conditions, influencing outcomes in various contexts.

Question 5

An efficient method of defining a sample is to use:&#10;A) Demographic information&#10;B) Geographic information&#10;C) Observational information&#10;D) Demographic and geographic information

Accepted Answer

Using both demographic and geographic information allows for a more comprehensive and efficient definition of a sample, as it considers multiple relevant factors.

Question 6

The added risk of a given outcome for people who have the risk factor compared to those without the risk factor is known as the:&#10;A) risk ratio.&#10;B) health disparity.&#10;C) odds ratio.&#10;D) oppression.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The added risk of a given outcome...

Question 7

If the odds of a risk group being exposed to an outcome is 237% higher than the odds of the comparison group, the odds ratio is:&#10;A) 3.27.&#10;B) 2.37.&#10;C) 3.37.&#10;D) None of these is correct.

Accepted Answer

The answer of If the odds of a risk group...

Question 8

What would you be conducting if you took old survey material to mold your inclusion study criteria?&#10;A) A formal needs assessment&#10;B) An informal needs assessment&#10;C) Community-based participatory research&#10;D) Identification of health disparities

Accepted Answer

An informal needs assessment involves using existing data, like old survey material, to inform study criteria without a structured or formal process.

Question 9

The relationship between oppression and the risk of developing a disease can be described as __________ by intersectionality.&#10;A) nonexistent&#10;B) direct&#10;C) logarithmic&#10;D) inverse

Accepted Answer

Intersectionality suggests that oppression can directly impact health outcomes, increasing the risk of developing diseases due to compounded social and structural disadvantages.

Question 10

Why does the National Institutes of Health require all research funding awards to include women and children (unless a valid justification is made)?&#10;A) Women lack access to resources that men have.&#10;B) Children are often neglected in research due to more rigorous IRB guidelines.&#10;C) Women and children bear a disproportionate amount of the nation's diseases.&#10;D) All of these are correct.

Accepted Answer

Women, children, and minorities have historically been underrepresented in clinical research. This is due to a number of factors, including lack of access to resources, more rigorous IRB guidelines, and a disproportionate burden of disease. The NIH's requirement that all research funding awards include women and children (unless a valid justification is made) is an effort to address these disparities and ensure that all populations benefit from the results of research.

Deck 9: Defining the Study Population