Deck 2: Indigenous Traditions

Question 1

Approximately how many indigenous people does the United Nations estimate are in the world?

A) 100 million
B) 370 million
C) 500,000
D) 10 million
E) 2.3 billion

Answer 1

B

Question 2

How many distinct Indigenous cultures are there throughout the world?

A) Approximately 500
B) More than 10,000
C) Between 1,000 to 2,000
D) No more than 2,000
E) More than 5,000

Answer 2

E

Question 3

Which of these elements is typically of central importance to Indigenous people?

A) Kinship
B) Theology
C) Religion
D) Race
E) Citizenship

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of these elements is typically of central importance to people considered Indigenous?

A) Economics
B) Monogamy
C) Race
D) Culture
E) Place

Question 5

Which two elements have been of central importance to cultures that have typically been considered Indigenous?

A) Dancing and signing
B) Belief in God and ties to the land
C) Texts and rituals
D) Kinship and location
E) Social division and an established priesthood

Question 6

In this chapter, the term "Indigenous" refers to which of the following?

A) Refers to those who scholars have named "Indigenous"
B) Refers to those who have not advanced technologically
C) Refers to those who do not have religious institutions
D) Refers to those who identify themselves as "Indigenous"
E) Refers to those who scholars have no textual historical record of their past

Question 7

What is syncretism?

A) The merging of elements from different cultures
B) Culture remaining unchanged over centuries
C) Being on the same wavelength as another person
D) The assimilation of one culture by another
E) The evolution of a culture over time

Question 8

Who asserted, "The people who have control of your stories, control of your voice, also have control of your destiny, your culture."

A) Lenore Keeshig-Tobias
B) Vine Deloria, Jr.
C) Eshu
D) Chinua Achebe
E) Nongqawuse

Question 9

Who wrote Custer Died for Your Sins?

A) Lenore Keeshing-Tobias
B) Vine Deloria, Jr.
C) Eshu
D) Chinua Acebe
E) Wovoka

Question 10

Why did Europeans refer to Indigenous peoples as "primitive"?

A) They assumed these traditions were dying out.
B) They assumed these traditions were prime, or superior.
C) They assumed Indigenous people were cannibalistic.
D) They assumed these traditions were the first and unchanging.
E) They assumed these traditions were concerned with human sacrifice.

Question 11

Which of the following is a vital characteristic of transmission of knowledge in Indigenous traditions?

A) Visions
B) Meditation
C) Divination
D) Orality
E) Writing

Question 12

Which Indigenous group clearly distinguished between true stories (ramani) and fictional tales (lidi)?

A) Aztecs
B) Cherokee
C) Kewa
D) Sioux
E) Apache

Question 13

For Indigenous people, the act of storytelling itself is which of the following?

A) Entertainment
B) Sacrament
C) Mystical
D) Ritual
E) Typical

Question 14

The North American "Earth Diver" stories are examples of what type of stories?

A) Indigenous comedies
B) Origin stories
C) Afterlife stories
D) Colonialism stories
E) Salvation stories

Question 15

The origin stories of the Aboriginal Aborigines were mistranslated by anthropologists as which of the following?

A) The Beginning
B) The Recreating
C) The First Principle
D) The Awakening
E) The Dreaming

Question 16

Tricksters are sometimes referred to as which of the following?

A) Native Saints
B) Culture Rebels
C) Culture Heroes
D) Native Misfits
E) Native Rebels

Question 17

The trickster story "Red Willows" comes from which tradition?

A) African Yoruba
B) African Dogen
C) Australian Aborigine
D) Mongolian Buryat
E) North American Anishinaubae

Question 18

What is the name of the Yoruba trickster who is constantly playing pranks in the hope that disorder will result?

A) Nanbush
B) Eshu
C) Mataora
D) Nirwareka
E) Ganioda'yo

Question 19

In Maori society, who, in the majority, were the weavers?

A) Men
B) Women
C) Elders
D) Outsiders
E) Adolescents

Question 20

The Bunu Yoruba men were responsible for which of the following?

A) Cooking
B) Childrearing
C) Religious Instruction
D) Weaving Clothing
E) Growing Cotton

Question 21

Which of the following is an element of Indigenous rites of passage?

A) Purity
B) Timelessness
C) Laws
D) Magic
E) Journey

Question 22

When do boys in the Australian Wiradjuri tradition become men?

A) Once they have participated in a vision quest
B) Once they have cut off a finger
C) Once they have ingested semen
D) Once they have learned the secret knowledge of the spirit world
E) Once they have received a dream of a particular animal

Question 23

In what culture is the Sun Dance ritual found?

A) The Ainu of Japan
B) The Nuer of Africa
C) The Xhosa of Africa
D) Aboriginals of the North American plains
E) Mayans of Central America

Question 24

Amongst the Xhosa people, who determines when a young woman falls ill that she is being punished by an ancestor spirit?

A) Priest
B) Diviner
C) Community
D) Healer
E) Elder

Question 25

Indigenous cultural expressions are fundamentally about which of the following?

A) The earth
B) Animals
C) The sky
D) God
E) Relationships

Question 26

What is Maori weaving called?

A) "Undying cloth"
B) "Spirit baskets"
C) "Light garment"
D) "Luminous stringing"
E) "Sacred thread"

Question 27

What is the name of the Pomo healer who gave miniature baskets (or instructions to make one) to patients?

A) Mabel McKay
B) Niwareka
C) Norman Tait
D) James Arthur Ray
E) Handsome Lake

Question 28

Totem poles are produced by Aboriginal peoples in which region?

A) New Zealand
B) North American Plains
C) Pacific Northwest Coast
D) Caribbean
E) South Africa

Question 29

The word "totem" is derived from the Anishinaubae word dodaem, which could be translated as which of the following?

A) Spirit
B) Tower
C) Soul
D) Sacred
E) Heart

Question 30

What does the Maori term moko mean?

A) To tattoo
B) To strike
C) To kill
D) To decorate
E) To bless

Question 31

The term mbari refers to which of the following?

A) Shrine statues
B) Voodoo dolls
C) Sacred portraits
D) Spirit guides
E) Tribal priests

Question 32

What is a marae?

A) The social and religious home of a Maori person
B) The religious home of a Xhosa person
C) The name for the rainy season in Wiradjuri cultures
D) The social home of an Ainu person
E) The name for the afterlife in Sioux cultures

Question 33

Before a newly constructed Navajo hogan is occupied, what must be performed?

A) Blessingway ritual
B) Rain dance
C) Vision quest
D) Moko tattooing
E) Sacred weaving

Question 34

What term refers to the process by which people from one place establish and maintain a settlement in another?

A) Nationalism
B) Culturalism
C) Migration
D) Imperialism
E) Colonialism

Question 35

Christopher Columbus first made contact in the "Americas" with which Indigenous peoples?

A) Caribs
B) Pomo
C) Navajo
D) Arawaks
E) Anishinaubae

Question 36

According to Christopher Columbus, what was the most valuable resource that he found in the Americas?

A) Sugar
B) People
C) Silver
D) Gold
E) Furs

Question 37

How many distinct cultures were wiped out due to the efforts of colonialism?

A) Around 100
B) 100 - 500
C) Millions
D) Thousands
E) Under 100

Question 38

Scholars estimate that by the time the trans-Atlantic slave trade ended, the population of Africa had been reduced by how much?

A) 95 per cent
B) 25 per cent
C) 50 per cent
D) 10 per cent
E) 75 per cent

Question 39

After the first contact with Europeans, what was the biggest single cause of the depopulation in both Australia and the Americas?

A) Slavery
B) Disease
C) Torture
D) Loss of will to live
E) Military action

Question 40

Approximately what percentage of Indigenous people in the world today identify with a colonial religion?

A) 10 per cent
B) 50 per cent
C) 99 per cent
D) 2 per cent
E) 70 per cent

Question 41

Approximately what percentage of Indigenous people report practicing Indigenous religion?

A) 15 - 20 per cent
B) Under 10 percent
C) Around 50 per cent
D) 2 - 5 per cent
E) Around 70 per cent

Question 42

The term terra nullius, which was invoked by European settlers, means what?

A) Neverland
B) Our Territory
C) Native Land
D) Native Territory
E) No One's Land

Question 43

Which tribe led the protest against the construction of the Dakota Access Pipeline?

A) Western Apache
B) Southwestern Cherokee
C) Standing Rock Sioux
D) Great Plains Cheyenne
E) Pawnee Nation

Question 44

What is the purpose of the potlatch, which is practised by many peoples of the Pacific Northwest?

A) To encourage peace between warring tribes
B) To hoard the year's harvest supply
C) To appease the wrath of angry spirits
D) To demonstrate hospitality and redistribute wealth
E) To invite enemies under false pretenses in order to capture them

Question 45

In Canada, Aboriginal children were taken from their families, often by force, and placed where?

A) In foster homes
B) In monasteries run by priests
C) In other Aboriginal communities
D) In schools run by the government or churches
E) In the army

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT an example of a North American professional sports team demonstrating cultural appropriation?

A) Chicago Blackhawks
B) Cleveland Indians
C) Washington Redskins
D) Atlanta Braves
E) Montreal Canadiens

Question 47

What were Anishinaubae dream catchers originally meant to do?

A) Bring vision dreams to elders
B) Protect children from nightmares
C) Catch fish
D) Trade for food
E) Decorate homes

Question 48

Many New Age teachings are examples of which of the following?

A) Inappropriate cultural appropriation
B) Fair and accurate cultural appropriation
C) Empathetic cultural appropriation
D) Syncretism
E) Supersession

Question 49

Which self-help guru was charged with manslaughter for three deaths due to conducting a New Age sweat lodge ceremony in Arizona?

A) David Koresh
B) Jim Jones
C) Handsome Lake
D) James Arthur Ray
E) Jean-Paul Gaultier

Question 50

Who hosts the Burning Man festival in Nevada?

A) Non-Indigenous people
B) Anishinaubae people
C) Cree people
D) Indigenous and non-Indigenous people
E) Navajo people

Question 51

How does complementary dualism see the universe?

A) As divided between good and evil forces that are in constant battle with one another
B) As including both creative and destructive forces, which can work together
C) As including earth and sky
D) As divided between male and female forces that balance each other out
E) As ruled by two supreme gods

Question 52

How does conflict dualism see the universe?

A) As divided between good and evil forces that are in constant battle with one another
B) As including both creative and destructive forces, which can work together
C) As including earth and sky
D) As divided between male and female forces that balance each other out
E) As ruled by two supreme gods

Question 53

Ganioday'yo, or Handsome Lake, had a series of visions in which he met which of the following?

A) God
B) Ancestors
C) Great Spirit
D) Jesus
E) Demons

Question 54

In Haiti, the merging of African and Christian traditions gave rise to which new religion?

A) Warlpiri
B) Voudou
C) Macumba
D) Santeria
E) Handsome Lake

Question 55

Around what are cargo cults based?

A) Worship of water deities
B) Animals that came on board foreign vessels
C) The military drills of foreign armies
D) Supplies and manufactured goods that regularly arrived for foreigners
E) Modern items that dropped from planes

Question 56

What was the Ghost Dance?

A) A Xhosa ritual which has been lost due to colonialism
B) A traditional practice among Australian Aborigines
C) A revival movement developed by a Paiute religious leader in what is now Nevada
D) A Yoruban tradition which was carried by slaves from Africa to the island of Cuba
E) An integral part of the Longhouse religion

Question 57

The African concept of Ubuntu, which Archbishop Desmond Tutu frequently cites, says what?

A) That Africans will one day conquer the world
B) That Jesus was African
C) That human beings were all created independently
D) That the Christian God is one of many
E) That human beings are interconnected

Question 58

To protest the Dakota Access Pipeline, Anna Lee Rain Yellowhammer of the Standing Rock Sioux Tribe voiced a rallying cry, Mni wiconi, which means what?

A) Water is Life
B) Resist Colonialism
C) We are United
D) Indigenous Lives Matter
E) Resist Capitalism

Question 59

Why is Stan McKay (Cree) a significant Native person from Canada?

A) First Native person in Canada to head up a mainline Protestant denomination
B) First Native person in Canada to win an Academy Award
C) First Native person in Canada to win the New York City Marathon
D) First Native person in Canada to become mayor of Toronto
E) First Native person in Canada to be awarded the Nobel Peace Price

Question 60

What was at issue in the 1990 standoff between the Mohawk community and the town of Oka, Quebec?

A) The town's plan to expand a golf course onto land sacred to the Mohawk
B) The Mohawk destruction of a residential school
C) The plan to turn the entire Mohawk reserve into a provincial park
D) The Mohawk plan to build a casino
E) The town's plan to build a public education centre

Question 61

The Yoruban god of iron and war, Ogun, has come to be associated in modern times with which profession(s)?

A) Army reservists
B) Doctors
C) Butchers
D) Welders, mechanics, and chauffeurs
E) Construction workers

Question 62

Which of the following is a film on the theft and commercialization of Native American traditions by Non-Natives?

A) Avatar
B) Reel Injun
C) Pocahontas: The True Story
D) White Shamans
E) Whale Rider

Question 63

Who was one of the first Indigenous writers to be recognized internationally?

A) Stephen King
B) Alice Walker
C) Pauline Johnson
D) David Johnson
E) Margaret Atwood

Question 64

Keri Hulme's novel The Bone People displays elements characteristic of the resurgence of which traditions?

A) Dogon
B) Ainu
C) Mohawk
D) Maori
E) Aymara

Question 65

What is a key problem in understanding Indigenous people and their religions?

A) They have long been defined, regulated, altered, and in many instances destroyed by non-Indigenous people.
B) They have been completely assimilated to modern, Western culture.
C) They have no identifiably religious practices.
D) They do not want non-Indigenous people to learn about their culture.
E) They have been nearly entirely wiped out.

Question 66

There is no definitive, agreed-upon definition of "Indigenous religion."

Question 67

Often, "Indigenous" is understood to mean "original to the land."

Question 68

All Indigenous traditions recognize a single supreme being.

Question 69

Indigenous religious have been unaffected by other religions such as Christianity and Islam.

Question 70

Until recently, historians did not think there was any Aboriginal history to look at.

Question 71

Europeans called Aboriginal people "primitive" in reference to that Latin term for "first".

Question 72

Indigenous people and their cultures have remained the same since their origins.

Question 73

Orality is an element common to many Indigenous traditions.

Question 74

Australian Aborigines generally tell origin stories about a single divine authority from whom all life, values, rules, and so on, derive.

Question 75

The concept of the trickster was developed by scholars to categorize a type of character that appears in the stories of many cultures, including the Norse and ancient Greeks.

Question 76

An important theme in trickster tales is chaos and order.

Question 77

Rituals perform different functions from one culture to the next culture

Question 78

Indigenous rituals can mark a critical moment in the life of the individual, community or the natural world.

Question 79

Traditionally, there were unclear roles for many members of Indigenous communities.

Question 80

The Bunu Yorube men were responsible for growing cotton.