Deck 29: Appendix

Question 1

True or False? Hospitalized older adults who demonstrate multimorbidity and geriatric syndromes benefit by being cared for by nurses with generalized knowledge.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

True or False? A key focus of health promotion and disease prevention in gerontological nursing is to minimize the loss of independence associated with functional decline and illness.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

True or False? Disability is one of the strongest predictors of the need for nursing home admission in the older adult.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

True or False? Both genomics and genetics play a role in health and longevity for older adults.

Question 5

True or False? Continuity theory suggests that personality is well developed by the time we reach old age and tends to remain consistent throughout our lives.

Question 6

True or False? CD34⁺ cells, the primary circulating progenitor stem cells, are believed to increase in number with age.

Question 7

True or False? The most common complaint from someone with progressive presbycusis is that the person can hear but does not understand what is said.

Question 8

True or False? Most hearing loss in older adults is both asymmetrical and unilateral and hearing problems are exacerbated in a noisy environment.

Question 9

True or False? Tai chi is considered to be one of the best activities to promote balance in older adults.

Question 10

True or False? Polypharmacy is not always inappropriate for hospitalized patients or those living in nursing homes or assisted-living facilities.

Question 11

True or False? Hemorrhagic strokes are more likely to show classic signs than thromboembolic strokes, which may present as severe headaches but with few other prior warning signs.

Question 12

True or False? Hospice care is beneficial, yet underutilized for patients with advanced dementia.

Question 13

True or False? Management of medications is not so different from other IADLs such as balancing a checkbook, planning to cook a meal, going to the grocery store, or doing the laundry.

Question 14

True or False? Executive function is a mental skill that helps the person pay attention and manage daily activities such as shopping or driving.

Question 15

True or False? Due to agitation, physical aggression, and combativeness, hyperactive delirium has a higher mortality rate than the hypoactive form.

Question 16

In what year was the first geriatric article published in the American Journal of Nursing (AJN)?

A) 1904
B) 1925
C) 1950
D) 1952

Question 17

The biopsychosocial aspects of aging is included under what umbrella term used to define the study of aging and/or the aged?

A) Geriatrics
B) Gerontology
C) Geropsychology
D) Social Gerontology

Question 18

Which of the following is a key determinant for not just adding more years to life, but adding more life to years?

A) Stress
B) Health
C) Exercise
D) Education

Question 19

Life expectancy data have historically shown an advantage for which of the following ethic groups?

A) Caucasian/White
B) African American
C) Asians and Pacific Islanders
D) Native American/Alaska Natives

Question 20

Borrowing from what branch of social science, Havighurst and colleagues created Continuity theory, which hypothesizes that personality influences the roles we choose and how we enact them?

A) Psychology
B) Sociology
C) Education
D) Anthropology

Question 21

What theory borrows from disengagement theory but does not accept its idea that social disengagement is a necessary and natural development?

A) Gerotranscendence theory
B) Age Stratification theory
C) Person-Environment-Fit theory
D) Continuity theory

Question 22

In nursing, whose model is often used as a framework to examine the challenges faced by different age groups?

A) Maslow's model
B) Jung's model
C) Erikson's model
D) Baltes's model

Question 23

What physiological system regulates body temperature and contributes to acid-base balance within the range of pH 7.35-7.45?

A) The nervous system
B) The endocrine system
C) The hematopoietic system
D) The cardiovascular system

Question 24

Cardiovascular symptoms of hypertension parallel the usual aging changes seen in older adults. Which of the following refers to these symptoms being exhibited and sometimes exaggerated in individuals at younger ages?

A) Muted hypertension
B) Essential hypertension
C) Malignant hypertension
D) Orthostatic hypertension

Question 25

Bodily absorption of what vitamin increases with age?

A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin B₁
C) Vitamin C₇
D) Vitamin D

Question 26

Studies show that memories that are especially difficult to recall are often the result of not having a connection with what area of the brain?

A) Amygdala
B) Hippocampus
C) Cerebellum
D) Hypothalamus

Question 27

Which of the following is one area of language that has been show to improve with age?

A) Syntax
B) Vocabulary
C) Rate of speech
D) Word articulation

Question 28

An immediate brain function that can describe what you are thinking at any given moment is referred to as what type of memory?

A) Active memory
B) Working memory
C) Declarative memory
D) Nondeclarative memory

Question 29

Nurses may not feel comfortable conducting what type of assessment because it may seem inappropriately invasive or because it is an area that some nurses do not feel adequately prepared to address as an unmet need?

A) Cognitive assessment
B) Social assessment
C) Spiritual assessment
D) Psychological assessment

Question 30

Which of the following is the cornerstone of an individualized plan of care for an older adult?

A) Cognitive assessment
B) Physical assessment
C) Psychological assessment
D) Comprehensive assessment

Question 31

A nurse would typically perform what type of assessment in order to identify an older adult's ability to perform self-care?

A) Cognitive assessment
B) Physical assessment
C) Functional assessment
D) Psychological assessment

Question 32

Which of the following, the most popular yoga activity, is a sequence of stretching, bending, and twisting movements that causes each joint to move slowly through its maximum range of motion, then is held for several seconds?

A) Hatha yoga
B) Bikram yoga
C) Vinyasa yoga
D) Iyengar yoga

Question 33

In the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for America, guidelines for daily intake of which of the following were specific for the first time?

A) Salt
B) Fruit
C) Trans fat
D) Vegetables

Question 34

The crowning achievement of The Center for Science in the Public Interest has been the organization's spurring the Food and Drug Administration to ban which of the following in all food products in the United States by June 2018?

A) Salt
B) Sugar
C) Trans fat
D) Monounsaturated fat

Question 35

There is some evidence to suggest that light to moderate alcohol consumption in older adults may reduce the risk of developing what medical condition?

A) Depression
B) Dementia
C) Coronary heart disease
D) Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Question 36

The U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) decided there is insufficient evidence to support mass screening of asymptomatic elderly clients for which of the following?

A) Dementia
B) Malnutrition
C) Polypharmacy
D) Elder abuse

Question 37

Adequate anticoagulation with warfarin therapy in patients with what cardiac arrhythmia has been found to reduce stroke occurrence by 68%, whereas aspirin therapy was found to reduce CVAs by only 21%?

A) Complete heart block
B) Ventricular tachycardia
C) Atrial fibrillation
D) Junctional rhythm

Question 38

What medication, which was once a mainstay in the treatment of congestive heart failure, is rarely used in medicine today?

A) Warfarin
B) Digoxin
C) Amlodipine
D) Hydralazine

Question 39

The AIDS epidemic has contributed to the spread of what medical condition, particularly in less-developed countries?

A) Influenza
B) Pneumonia
C) Tuberculosis
D) Cystic fibrosis

Question 40

What medication, in which treatment frequently lasts at least 6 months, is generally given to kill the TB bacteria?

A) Atrovent
B) Ciproloxacin
C) Isoniazid
D) Acetylcysteine

Question 41

The symptoms of normal pressure hydrocephalus are related to an abnormal accumulation of which of the following and are clinically distinguishable from those of other dementias?

A) Cerebrospinal fluid
B) Neurofibrillary tangles
C) Beta-amyloid plaques
D) Alpha-synuclein proteins

Question 42

What medication, an NMDA noncompetitive receptor antagonist, is currently the only medication in this class, and helps to protect neurons from glutamate excitotoxicity without completely eliminating the glutamate necessary for normal neurological function?

A) Namzaric
B) Memantine
C) Rivastigmine
D) Galantamine

Question 43

Which of the following indicates medications that should be avoided or cautiously used in the elderly?

A) Beers Criteria
B) START criteria
C) STOPP criteria
D) Black box warning

Question 44

Most geriatricians recommend waiting for what time period after marketing of a new drug before using it in the elderly?

A) 1-2 years
B) 3-4 years
C) 5-7 years
D) 8-10 years

Question 45

Any patient who is potentially dehydrated, reporting dizziness on sitting up or standing, or taking cardiovascular medications should be tested to rule out fall risk related to what medical condition?

A) Delirium
B) Orthostasis
C) Polypharmacy
D) Muscle weakness

Question 46

Which fall risk assessment tool was found to be the best tool for assessing the risk of falls by hospitalized acutely ill older adults?

A) Hendrich Fall Risk Model II
B) STRATIFY Risk Instrument
C) Timed Get Up and Go Test
D) Medication Fall Risk Tool

Question 47

Which of the following is a common delirium prodromal feature and a common warning sign of impending delirium?

A) Confusion
B) Depression
C) Agitation
D) Lethargy

Question 48

The clock drawing test (CDT) is one of the most common methods to assess which of the following?

A) Memory
B) Attention
C) Orientation
D) Reasoning

Question 49

Older adults who present with what medical condition experience mild to moderate depressive symptoms that are present throughout most days over a 2-year period?

A) Dysthymia
B) Major depression
C) Minor depression
D) Recurrent depression

Question 50

Mimicking the speech and movements of other people are a characteristic of what form of depression?

A) Psychotic depression
B) Atypical depression
C) Catatonic depression
D) Melancholic depression

Question 51

True or False? Although nurses with undergraduate degrees may be involved in research in some facilities, such as posing a clinical inquiry or assisting with data collection, their basic preparation is aimed primarily at using research in practice.

Question 52

True or False? While it is true that various ethnic and racial populations experience different disease burdens, there is growing evidence that this is not a function of genetics but of socioeconomics.

Question 53

True or False? The stochastic theories of aging are founded on a programmed perspective that is related to genetics or one's biological clock.

Question 54

True or False? Although innate immunity allows for the general discernment of self versus nonself, it does not have the ability to recognize a specific antigen.

Question 55

True or False? Although the age that presbyopia becomes apparent may vary from person to person, it is expected to affect everyone at some point.

Question 56

True or False? Age-related changes in the gastrointestinal system are dramatic and should be easily noticed by most older adults.

Question 57

True or False? Older adults are in a particularly precarious position because they are more vulnerable to both obesity and malnutrition than other age groups.

Question 58

True or False? The Mini-Mental State Examination is considered to be the gold standard diagnostic test to detect clinical depression.

Question 59

True or False? If a person quits smoking, the risk of stroke after 5 years mirrors that of a nonsmoker.

Question 60

True or False? Although it is not a normal part of the aging process, the main risk factor for developing Alzheimer's-type dementia is age.

Question 61

True or False? Polypharmacy is one of the few reversible and preventable causes of iatrogenic harm.

Question 62

True or False? Nurses can recommend calcium and vitamin D be prescribed to older adults as there is evidence supporting its use to prevent falls.

Question 63

True or False? The use of opioid pain medications is a stronger risk factor for delirium than undertreated pain.

Question 64

True or False? Anxiety and depression often go together in older adults and should be treated together.

Question 65

True or False? Older adults with a BMI of 21 or lower and 27 or higher are at risk for hydration issues.

Question 66

In addition to an active RN license, how many hours of clinical practice in the specialty area of gerontological nursing must be completed over a 3-year period in order to meet the eligibility criteria for certification through the ANCC?

A) 800
B) 1,200
C) 1,600
D) 2,000

Question 67

For the first time in history, the life span of persons with what medical condition is similar to the average lifespan?

A) Acute illnesses
B) Chronic illnesses
C) Spinal cord injuries
D) Developmental disabilities

Question 68

In the case of strokes, the CT scan or MRI should ideally be done within what time period so that appropriate emergency measures may be initiated to prevent further brain damage?

A) 90 minutes
B) 6 hours
C) 12 hours
D) 24 hours

Question 69

The two classes of medications that are currently approved for the treatment of Alzheimer's dementia, cholinesterase inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists, both provide therapeutic effect by acting on which of the following?

A) Neurotransmitters
B) Neurofibrillary tangles
C) Beta-amyloid plaques
D) Alpha-synuclein proteins

Question 70

What part of Medicare has a "doughnut hole" time of year when beneficiaries hit a maximum prescription coverage spending limit that stops their coverage but then picks up above a much higher amount?

A) Part A
B) Part B
C) Part C
D) Part D

Question 71

Which of the following is one of the primary proactive safety promotion interventions used by hospital nurses?

A) Surveillance
B) Raised bed rails
C) Patient restraints
D) Orthostasis assessment

Question 72

Nicknamed "Feng Shui for the Frontal Lobe," basic nursing interventions to reduce stimulation can significantly reduce which of the following in individuals with cognitive impairment?

A) Pain
B) Agitation
C) Combativeness
D) Inattentiveness

Question 73

Symptoms consistent with depression that occur for the first time later in life are referred to as which of the following?

A) Anhedonia
B) Minor depression
C) Recurrent depression
D) Late-onset depression

Question 74

Which of the following medications would be appropriate for treating overflow incontinence in men that is the result of bladder neck obstruction from benign prostatic hypertrophy?

A) Oxybutynin
B) Tamsulosin
C) Hyoscyamine
D) Propantheline

Question 75

What stage of the sleep architecture refers to the shift from full alertness to drowsiness?

A) Stage W
B) Stage N2
C) Stage N3
D) Stage R

Question 76

The pathology of narcolepsy is associated with loss of hypothalamic neurons that contain what substance?

A) Glycine
B) Dopamine
C) Hypocretin
D) Norepinephrine

Question 77

What medical condition can cause hypermetabolism, which can lead to weight loss?

A) Dysphagia
B) Stroke
C) Infections
D) Hyperthyroidism

Question 78

What clinical screening tool is a simple and practical nutrition screening tool that combines three easily obtainable elements of lymphocyte count, albumin, and weight change?

A) Malnutrition Risk Scale (SCALES)
B) Instant Nutritional Assessment (INA)
C) Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA)
D) Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST)

Question 79

Which of the following Braden scores would indicate that a patient is at very high risk at developing pressure ulcers?

A) 8
B) 11
C) 13
D) 15

Question 80

In order to prevent the development of pressure ulcers, offloading would be achieved through which of the following actions?

A) Autolytic debridement
B) Intravenous fluids
C) Repositioning the patient
D) Distributing load over the contact areas of the body