Deck 8: The Environment and Health

Question 1

Ambient particulate matter itself is estimated to be responsible for about what percentage of global deaths?

A) 5%
B) 18%
C) 28%
D) 40%

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Environmental health can best be thought of as:

A) Health related to environmental risk factors
B) The prevention of disease, disability, and death related to exposure to environmental conditions
C) Health related to non-genetic risk factors
D) Both health related to environmental risk factors and health related to non-genetic risk factors

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Poor ventilation of indoor smoke from cooking with biofuels is associated with:

A) Diarrheal disease
B) Respiratory disease
C) A range of vector borne diseases
D) None of these are correct

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Ozone is most closely associated with which of the following health effects?

A) Nervous system disorders
B) Breathing impairment
C) Stoke
D) Ischemic heart disease

Question 5

Which of the following infections are waterborne?

A) Shigella
B) Measles
C) Polio
D) Rubella

Question 6

Household air pollution is a major risk factor for:

A) Childhood deaths from pneumonia
B) Childhood deaths from measles
C) Childhood deaths from prematurity
D) Childhood illness from cold-related viral infections

Question 7

Which measure would reduce the burden of ambient particulate matter pollution?

A) Shifting the fuel for public vehicles to natural gas
B) The banning of two stroke engines
C) Shifting the fuel for cooking to biofuels
D) Both shifting the fuel for public vehicles to natural gas and the banning of two stroke engines

Question 8

The ladder of access to water, as income grows for a poor family in a low-income country, is best represented by:

A) Dug well, standpost
B) Standpost, house connection
C) Borehole, house connection
D) House connection

Question 9

A key aim of a total sanitation program is to eliminate:

A) Pit latrines
B) Open defecation
C) Pour flush latrines
D) Both pit latrines and pour flush latrines

Question 10

Which approach is likely to lead to the biggest effect in reducing environmental pollution in a low-income country?

A) Action by the health ministry
B) Intersectoral action across a range of ministries, such a health, commerce, and finance
C) Action by the finance ministry
D) Action by the commerce ministry

Question 11

Estimates suggest that the burden of disease attributable to environmental risk factors is approximately:

A) 75%
B) 50%
C) 25%
D) 10%

Question 12

Which of the following is closely linked with environmental risk factors?

A) Diarrheal disease
B) Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
C) Respiratory infections
D) All of these are correct

Question 13

WASH refers to:

A) Hygiene
B) Water and Sanitation
C) Water, sanitation, and hygiene
D) Handwashing

Question 14

The risks of indoor cooking with biofuels and poor ventilation can be reduced through:

A) Cooking with gas
B) Cooking with more efficient stoves
C) Better ventilation
D) All of these are correct

Question 15

Waterborne infections refer to:

A) Person to person transmission of a disease due a shortage of water
B) An infection transmitted by insects that breed in water
C) An infection that occurs when water with the pathogen is ingested
D) An infection that water helps to spread

Question 16

Improved sanitation most reduces the burden of:

A) Respiratory infections
B) Measles
C) Parasitic worms
D) Insect borne diseases

Question 17

Ambient particulate matter pollution is a major risk factor for:

A) Stroke
B)Heart Disease
C) COPD
D) All of these are correct

Question 18

The "ladder of sanitation, as income grows for a poor family in a low-income country is best represented by:

A) Pit latrine, pour flush toilet, septic tank
B) Pour flush toilet, sewer connection
C) Septic tank
D) Pit latrine, sewer connection

Question 19

Which is likely to produce the least cost per DALY averted?

A) Household water connection
B) Standpost
C) Hygiene promotion
D) Open well

Question 20

Scientists suggest that climate change could affect health by:

A) Declines in food production in some places
B) Increases in some places in vector borne diseases
C) The impact of increases in severe weather events
D) All of these are correct