Deck 4: Population Aging: a Demographic and Geographic Perspective

Question 1

What does the demographic transition refer to?

A) The rapid increase of older people
B) A transition in morbidity and mortality from acute to chronic illness
C) A transition in morbidity and mortality from chronic to acute illness
D) A shift from high fertility and mortality to low fertility and mortality

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Which of the following occurs as a result of an epidemiological transition?

A) An increase in life expectancy at birth and the leading causes of death becoming chronic and degenerative diseases later in life
B) A decrease in life expectancy at birth and the leading causes of death becoming infectious, parasitic, and acute illnesses
C) An increase in fertility and a decrease in mortality due to the technoplosion
D) A decrease in fertility and the development of an aging population

Answer 2

A

Question 3

Which phase of demographic transition sees a country modernize and experience a rapid spread of new technological developments, creating major changes and improvements in public health (such as disease control, public sanitation, and health promotion), individual health and longevity, work and leisure lifestyles, and quality of life?

A) Technoplosion
B) Population explosion
C) Population implosion
D) Demoplosion

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Which of the following is comprised of a set of individual birth cohorts?

A) Cohort
B) Baby boomer cohort
C) Generation
D) Period

Question 5

Which of the following is not considered a generation?

A) Millennials
B) Generation X
C) Generation P
D) Baby Boomers

Question 6

Approximately what percentage of the Canadian population do baby boomers comprise?

A) 5 per cent
B) 12 per cent
C) 27 per cent
D) 54 per cent

Question 7

Approximately what percentage of Canadian baby boomers were born outside of Canada?

A) 57 per cent
B) 47 per cent
C) 37 per cent
D) 17 per cent

Question 8

By 2040, what percentage of the world's older population will live in less developed countries?

A) 75 per cent
B) 15 per cent
C) 25 per cent
D) 45 per cent

Question 9

Which group is predicted to more than triple its population between 2015 and 2050, making it the fastest-growing segment of the world population?

A) The 80+ population
B) The 70+ population
C) The 60+ population
D) The 50+ population

Question 10

In which of the following countries is the highest percentage of the population over age 65?

A) Germany
B) Greece
C) Japan
D) Belgium

Question 11

What is median age?

A) The chronological age at which the population divides into equal numbers of younger and older people
B) The functional age at which the population divides into equal numbers of younger and older people
C) The chronological age at which the population divides into larger numbers of younger people than older people
D) The chronological age at which the population divides into larger numbers of older people than younger people

Question 12

Which of the following refers to the average number of years a person can expect to live without chronic disability?

A) Independent life expectancy
B) Active life expectancy
C) Healthy life span
D) Functional life expectancy

Question 13

What was the sex ratio for Canadians aged 65 and up in 2016?

A) 29 males per 100 females
B) 34 males per 100 females
C) 67 males per 100 females
D) 83 males per 100 females

Question 14

At which point in history did the total dependency ratio for Canada peak?

A) During the early 1970s
B) During the early 1980s
C) During the late 1990s
D) During the baby boom

Question 15

What is the old-age dependency ratio?

A) The number of people aged 19 to 64 divided by the number of people aged 65 and over
B) The number of people aged 85 and over divided by the number of people aged 19 to 84
C) The number of people aged 65 and over divided by the number of people aged 19 to 64
D) The number of people aged 65 and older, or who are considered dependent, divided by the number of people aged 64 and younger, or who are considered independent

Question 16

By 2056, what is Canada's projected total dependency ratio?

A) 77 dependents for every 100 people of working age
B) 94 dependents for every 100 people of working age
C) 68 dependents for every 100 people of working age
D) 84 dependents for every 100 people of working age

Question 17

Which of the following is not a phase of the demographic transition?

A) Agroplosion
B) Population implosion
C) Population displosion
D) Technoplosion

Question 18

Which of the following is not an example of an "older" Canadian community?

A) Elliot Lake, ON
B) Kelowna, BC
C) Barrie, ON
D) Parksville, BC

Question 19

In 2016, which Canadian province or territory had the highest percentage of older adults?

A) Nunavut
B) Ontario
C) Québec
D) Nova Scotia

Question 20

In 2016, which Canadian province or territory had the lowest percentage of older adults?

A) Alberta
B) Northwest Territories
C) Nunavut
D) British Columbia

Question 21

Which of the following statements regarding sex ratios is true?

A) The sex ratio over the next 30 years is projected to decrease in developing countries.
B) The sex ratio will not change in the next 30 years.
C) The sex ratio over the next 30 years is projected to increase in developed countries and decrease in developing countries.
D) The sex ratio over the next 30 years is projected to decrease in developed countries.

Question 22

Which of the following statements regarding immigrants to Canada is false?

A) Until the 1970s, most immigrants came from European countries.
B) In the past decade, immigrants were more likely to come from Asia.
C) Most recent immigrants settled in Winnipeg, Calgary, and Saskatoon.
D) An increasing proportion of new immigrants are identified as "allophones."

Question 23

What is the most likely explanation for the aging of rural areas and small towns in Canada?

A) It is the result of immigration and migrant workers seeking out permanent residency.
B) It is the result of youthful migration to obtain employment in urban areas while older people stay or others return to the hometown from urban areas if they have left.
C) It is the result of small town idealism-retirees seek out charming communities to leave the stress of cities and work behind them.
D) It is the result of a global trend toward urban-rural population migration.

Question 24

What is the median age of the population in Toronto?

A) 9
B) 19
C) 29
D) 39

Question 25

Globally, around 2016, people aged 65 years and over outnumbered children under five years old.

Question 26

The "youngest" country in the world is Kuwait.

Question 27

In the 1800s, the average life expectancy at birth was 30 years.

Question 28

Canada is the "oldest" country in the world.

Question 29

Apocalyptic interpretations that argue older people are fast-becoming a burden to society are the most accurate type of explanations for population aging.

Question 30

Globally, 8.5 per cent of the world's population is 65 years old and over.

Question 31

By 2050, the proportion of persons aged 65 and over, globally, will increase to 47 per cent.

Question 32

"Generation X" refers to the "back-end" boomers.

Question 33

Population explosion is the second phase of the demographic transition.

Question 34

The demographic transition is when a society shifts from high fertility and mortality to low fertility and mortality.

Question 35

Population displosion is the phase in demographic transition when the population of a specific geographic area becomes increasingly diverse due to migration flows.

Question 36

Epidemiological transition occurs when a population ages and is the result of a shift from infectious diseases to chronic diseases.

Question 37

A generation is comprised of a set of individual birth cohorts that share particular experiences at a particular stage in life and share characteristics that distinguish them from other cohorts or generations.

Question 38

The United Nations reported at the Second World Assembly on Ageing that population aging is unprecedented, pervasive, profound, and enduring.

Question 39

The aging of the baby boomers will create a serious economic burden on society and will ruin the health-care system.

Question 40

The absolute number of older people in China will rise to over 25 per cent by 2050.

Question 41

The speed of population aging in China will have a particularly pronounced effect in rural regions.

Question 42

The impact of HIV/AIDS has no bearing on the roles of older adults in various African countries.

Question 43

The life expectancy gap between men and women in Canada is closing.

Question 44

Active life expectancy refers to the number of years people engage in regular physical activity throughout their lives.

Question 45

Globally, there is a clear trend of reverse aging in the largest cities in the world.

Question 46

Most immigrants arrive in Canada before they are 30 years old.

Question 47

At the height of the baby boom, Canadian women were averaging about eight children each, concentrated in a shorter period than for previous generations.

Question 48

There are significant differences among the provinces and territories in terms of aging populations.

Question 49

How has the baby boom generation influenced social systems of the past and how does it continue to affect the economy today?

Question 50

What are some of the questions debated by government to address economic and social problems arising from population aging?

Question 51

What is demography? Why is it an important concept to understand?

Question 52

What is demographic transition and how does it influence population growth? How have less developed countries experienced this transition?

Question 53

What are the four phases of demographic transition? Briefly describe each.

Question 54

What is the difference between population explosion and implosion phases of demographic transition?

Question 55

What is the epidemiological transition?

Question 56

What is the relationship between a generation and a cohort?

Question 57

What are the differences between the experience of "front-end" and "back-end" boomers?

Question 58

What are three examples of commonly-used definitions of generations?

Question 59

What is the "double whammy" facing health-care systems in developing countries?

Question 60

What is the United Nations' position on population aging?

Question 61

What are four ways in which global aging can positively affect economic performance?

Question 62

Why should media and policymakers be cautious of alarmist or apocalyptic interpretations?

Question 63

Why will less-developed countries experience population aging at a faster rate compared to more developed countries?

Question 64

What is compression of aging? What are the reasons for the urgency of the compression of aging for less-developed countries?

Question 65

Why might China be ill-prepared to cope with the changes associated with population aging?

Question 66

What are the characteristics of aging in Sub-Saharan Africa? How does it compare to other parts of the less-developed world?

Question 67

Why is it important to modulate measures of life expectancy with measures of active life expectancy?

Question 68

What is the pattern of sex ratios across age? What is the significance of this pattern for gerontology?

Question 69

What are dependency ratios? Why has the use of dependency ratios been criticized?

Question 70

What are two examples of the differences in the growth ratio among the provinces compared to the territories in Canada?

Question 71

What are the differences between baby boomers and their parents, according to Easterlin (1996)? How will these differences affect the later lives of baby boomers?

Question 72

What characterizes immigration patterns among older people in Canada? How do these patterns influence aging processes?

Question 73

What does the term "allophone" mean? Describe the demographic trends related to allophones in Canada.