Deck 13: What Do the Quantitative Data Mean

Question 1

Which of the following statements correctly contrasts inferential statistics and descriptive statistics?

A) Inferential statistics are used to present data and information, whereas descriptive statistics are used to develop population parameters.
B) Inferential statistics are based on predicted data, whereas descriptive statistics are based on collected data.
C) Inferential statistics are gathered using univariate analysis, whereas descriptive statistics are gathered using multivariate analysis.
D) Inferential statistics are used to make predictions about phenomena, whereas descriptive statistics are used to explain characteristics of variables.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

A researcher analyzing data from a study that investigated the relationship between use of infrared therapy and circulation in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy would most likely use which type of analysis?

A) Univariate
B) Bivariate
C) Trivariate
D) Multivariate

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Why is grouped data presented more often than ungrouped data?

A) Grouping data results in some loss of information.
B) Nominal and ordinal data cannot be interpreted unless the data are grouped.
C) Grouping data into smaller classifications makes it easier to interpret.
D) Overlapping categories can be used to analyze grouped data.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following is calculated by dividing the frequency of an event by the total number of events?

A) Frequency analysis
B) Percentage distribution
C) Population parameter
D) Percentage statement

Question 5

Nursing educators are reviewing scores from an examination to determine what score occurred most frequently. Which measure of central tendency are they seeking?

A) Mean
B) Median
C) Mode
D) Standard deviation

Question 6

Which of the following statements about mean and median is true?

A) Both mean and median are greatly affected by outliers.
B) Neither mean nor median is greatly affected by outliers.
C) Both mean and median are less accurate measures of central tendency than mode.
D) Both mean and median can be values that do not appear in the data set.

Question 7

Which measure is most likely to be affected by the presence of an extreme value in the data set?

A) Mean
B) Median
C) Mode
D) Position of the median

Question 8

When distribution is shown as a symmetrical bell-shaped curve, what can be concluded about the data?

A) The mean is less than the median and mode.
B) The mean is greater than the median and mode.
C) The mean, median, and mode are equal.
D) The data shows moderate uniformity.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a data set represented by a distribution graph that has a low peak and a tail that pulls to the left?

A) Positively skewed with high uniformity
B) Positively skewed with low uniformity
C) Negatively skewed with high uniformity
D) Negatively skewed with low uniformity

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the relationship between magnitude and correlation?

A) The lower the magnitude, the stronger the correlation.
B) The greater the magnitude, the stronger the correlation.
C) When correlation is positive, magnitude is stronger.
D) When data show correlation, magnitude cannot be determined.

Question 11

Employees of XYZ Company were surveyed to determine how much they paid in out-of-pocket healthcare costs in a given year. The highest reported amount was $13,500, and the lowest reported amount was $425. For this data set, what is the range?

A) $6,963
B) $13,075
C) $13,925
D) $6,750

Question 12

In a normal distribution, what is the range of the middle 50% of the data?

A) Statistical range
B) Standard range
C) Deviation range
D) Semiquartile range

Question 13

If a test of significance results in a critical value that is three standard deviations from the mean, what can a researcher conclude?

A) The results of the study most likely occurred by chance.
B) The results of the study are statistically significant.
C) The results of the study are inconclusive.
D) The results of the study show evidence of sampling error.

Question 14

A nurse is evaluating the inferences and conclusions made in four different research studies. The nurse should have the most confidence in which study?

A) The one that included nominal and ordinal data
B) The one where the data showed a skewed distribution
C) The one tested using parametric testing
D) The one tested using nonparametric testing

Question 15

A pediatric nurse measures and weighs a 9-year-old patient and determines that his height is in the 94th percentile and his weight is in the 65th percentile. Which is true about the patient?

A) He weighs more than 65% of children in his age group but less than 35% of children in the same group.
B) He is taller than 94% of children in his weight group but shorter than 6% of children in the same group.
C) He weighs more than 65% of children in his height group but less than 35% of children in the same group.
D) He is taller than 94% of children in his age group but weighs less than 65% of children in the same group.

Question 16

If a distribution follows the rule of 68-95-99.7, what can a researcher conclude?

A) 95% of the data will fall within two standard deviations from the mean.
B) 68% of the data will fall at the median, or 50th percentile.
C) 99.7% of the data will fall within the data range.
D) 68% of the data will show normal distribution.

Question 17

Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between type I and type II errors?

A) Both type I and type II errors occur when the null hypothesis is wrongly rejected.
B) Both type I and type II errors occur when the null hypothesis is wrongly accepted.
C) Type I errors occur when the null hypothesis is wrongly rejected; type II errors occur when it is wrongly accepted.
D) Type I errors occur when the null hypothesis is wrongly accepted; type II errors occur when it is wrongly rejected.

Question 18

Older adults were grouped by their dentate status: edentulous (having had an upper or lower denture made) or dentate (having at least one tooth). The subjects were then compared based on the variables of gender, socioeconomic status, and education to determine differences among the groups. Which of the following inferential tests would be appropriate?

A) Chi square
B) Correlated t
C) ANOVA
D) Multiple regression

Question 19

A researcher is creating a frequency distribution table to make a graph to show data about the age range of a population in a research study about tobacco usage. What does the researcher need to do first?

A) Present the data through a histogram to show trends
B) Sort raw data of the subjects' ages in ascending order
C) Tally the frequency of the subjects' age occurrence
D) Calculate a percentage distribution of each of the ages