Deck 14: Health Care-Acquired Infections

Question 1

Joseph Lister is well known for what innovation in surgical procedures?

Answer 1

Antiseptic technique

Question 2

Ignaz Semmelweis pioneered what innovation in obstetrical practice?

Answer 2

Handwashing between deliveries

Question 3

Methicillin-resistant Staph. aureus (MRSA) HAIs have risen from about _________ in the mid-1970s to nearly _________ by the turn of the 21st century.

A) 1%; 25%
B) 2.5%; 30%
C) 5%; 40%
D) 7.5%; 50%
E) 10%; 60%

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Recent research has suggested that HAIs in general may be on the uptick.

Question 5

The first infection control practitioner (ICP) was in what country in the 1950s?

Question 6

What are the ICPs of the 1950s now commonly known as?

A) Infection control preventionists
B) Infection preventionists
C) Infection clinical preventionists
D) Infection cause preventionists
E) All are used interchangeably.

Question 7

According to the WHO, the country with the lowest reported HAI burden is ______________. The highest reported HAI burden is _______________.

Question 8

European Union (EU) countries report how many HAIs each year?

A) Half a million
B) 1 million
C) 2 million
D) 3 million
E) > 4 million

Question 9

The CDC estimates HAIs affect roughly how many Americans each year?

A) Half a million
B) 1 million
C) 2 million
D) 3 million
E) > 4 million

Question 10

The two general categories of HAIs are post admission and post discharge. The former occurs within _________ of admission; the latter occurs _________ post-discharge.

Question 11

Patients themselves are seldom sources of HAIs.

Question 12

About what percent of HAIs are bacterial?

A) 60%
B) 70%
C) 80%
D) 90%
E) > 90%

Question 13

The most common HAI organisms are of what genus?

A) Streptococcus
B) Staphylococcus
C) Pseudomonas
D) Escherichia
E) Aspergillus

Question 14

The CDC began the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System (NNISS) in 1970. In 2005 it became what?

Question 15

Which of the following is not an HAI risk factor?

A) Host-specific factors
B) Environmental factors
C) Stay-related factors
D) None of these are risk factors.
E) A, B, and C are risk factors.

Question 16

What is the most common route of HAI transmission?

A) Respiratory
B) Direct contact
C) Water
D) Ventilation
E) None of these is correct.

Question 17

What are the four most common types of HAIs?

Question 18

Roughly a third of all HAIs occur where?

Question 19

As far as UTIs are concerned, rank these pathogens in order of prevalence.
Enterococcus spp.
E. coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Enterobacter spp.
Pseudomonas spp.

Question 20

About how many Americans develop bloodstream HAIs each year?

A) < 100,000
B) 100,000
C) 150,000
D) 200,000
E) > 250,000

Question 21

Healthcare-acquired pneumonia (HCAP) refers to pneumonia unrelated to use of a ventilator.

Question 22

A common fungal cause of HCAP is Candida albicans.

Question 23

What is the most important risk factor for ventilator-associated pneumonias?

Question 24

Prior to the 1990s, MRSA was strictly considered an HAI.

Question 25

What does VRE refer to?

Question 26

Define colonization pressure.

Question 27

List the three categories of SSIs.

Question 28

Name three patient-related SSI risk factors.

Question 29

Transmission of C. difficile can occur directly or indirectly.

Question 30

C. difficile infections (CDIs) are commonly associated with what?

Question 31

There also have been reports of M. tuberculosis transmission via nonrespiratory routes such as what?

Question 32

What are the three most common viral HAIs?

Question 33

Give an example of a PPM to prevent HAI viral infections among healthcare workers.

Question 34

What are the two most important causes of invasive fungal HAIs?

Question 35

What is the genus and species of an emerging, invasive fungal HAI?