Deck 43: Epidemiology of Thyroid Disease

Question 1

More than 80% of cases of hyperthyroidism are due to autoimmune reactions.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Women have 5-10 times higher rates of thyroid disease than men.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Iodine overload is associated with the development of goiter.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

The lack of dietary iodine remains the leading cause of preventable mental retardation in babies and small children.

Question 5

Iodine deficiency affects nearly two billion people worldwide and causes a high burden of disease in many developing nations.

Question 6

In India, 4 million people suffer from goiter and 500,000 from cretinism.

Question 7

Dietary iodine supplementation is a safe and effective method for the primary prevention of goiter and cretinism.

Question 8

Benign thyroid adenomas often undergo malignant transformation before they can be excised.

Question 9

Approximately how many people in the world population have a deficiency in iodine intake?

A) 1 billion
B) 2 billion
C) 3 billion
D) 4 billion

Question 10

Which of the following HLA alleles predisposes to Graves' disease?

A) HLA-DR3
B) HLA-Cw4
C) HLA-DR5
D) a and c are both correct.
E) a, b and c are all correct.

Question 11

Which of the following HLA alleles predisposes to Hashimoto's thyroiditis?

A) HLA-DR3
B) HLA-Cw4
C) HLA-DR5
D) a and c are both correct.
E) a, b and c are all correct.

Question 12

Iodine deficiency causes each of the following conditions except:

A) simple goiter.
B) cretinism.
C) mental impairment.
D) obesity.

Question 13

Goitrogenic agents include all of the following except:

A) components of cassava root.
B) isothiocyanates.
C) isoflavones.
D) selenium.

Question 14

What are the cutoff values of urinary iodine indicating insufficient iodine intake and severe iodine intake?

A) 200 and 100 µg per L
B) 200 and 50 µg per L
C) 100 and 50 µg per L
D) 100 and 20 µg per L

Question 15

What are recommended daily levels of iodine intake in pregnant and non-pregnant women?

A) 100 and 50 µg per day
B) 150 and 75 µg per day
C) 200 and 100 µg per day
D) 250 and 150 µg per day

Question 16

What is the approximate prevalence of iodine insufficiency among children in the world population?

A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 25%
D) 30%

Question 17

Describe the basic anatomy and function of the thyroid and parathyroid glands.

Question 18

Discuss the global extent of iodine deficiency and its health impact.

Question 19

Discuss the pathogenesis of hyperthyroidism.

Question 20

Discuss the pathogenesis of hypothyroidism.

Question 21

Discuss the health impact of dietary supplementation with iodine.

Question 22

Discuss iodine deficiency in pregnancy.

Question 23

Discuss prevention of thyroid disease.