Deck 11: Pathogenesis of Cancer

Question 1

Cancer is more likely to develop in those cell populations with higher rates of cell division.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Cancer can be succinctly defined as "deranged cell division."

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Progression through the cell cycle is tightly regulated by a family of genes called "cyclins" and the proteins they encode.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Because of its important role in eliminating mutant cells and conserving genomic stability, the p53 gene has been deemed the "guardian of the human genome."

Question 5

Approximately 90% of human cancer evolves from epithelial cell populations.

Question 6

Dysplasia is an intermediate step in the evolution of cancer.

Question 7

Carcinoma in situ has a poor prognosis.

Question 8

Invasive cancer implies a breach in the basement membrane.

Question 9

Alfred Knudsen proposed the "two-hit" model of carcinogenesis.

Question 10

The epigenetic theory of cancer involves base pair changes of DNA.

Question 11

What percent of human cancers are carcinomas derived from proliferating epithelial cell populations?

A) 25%
B) 50%
C) 75%
D) 90%

Question 12

What biological process stimulates formation of new blood vessels?

A) Apoptosis
B) Angiogenesis
C) Mitosis
D) Immunosuppression

Question 13

What biological process regulates cell senescence?

A) Apoptosis
B) Angiogenesis
C) Mitosis
D) Immunosuppression

Question 14

What phenomenon of cancer causes death?

A) Apoptosis
B) Angiogenesis
C) Metastasis
D) Immunosuppression

Question 15

The epigenetic theory of cancer involves all of the following except:

A) changes in gene expression.
B) enhanced transcription of Proto-oncogenes.
C) reduced expression of tumor suppressor genes.
D) base pair changes in DNA.

Question 16

Mutations that are passed from parent to offspring are called:

A) somatic mutations.
B) germline mutations.

Question 17

Mutations that are derived from individual cells during the lifespan are called:

A) somatic mutations.
B) germline mutations.

Question 18

What are chief enzymes of the inflammatory cascades?

A) Cylooxygenase-1
B) Cylooxygenase-2
C) ALOX5
D) Telomerase
E) All of the above are correct.
F) Only a, b, c are correct.

Question 19

What family of enzymes are associated with invasive cancer?

A) MMP
B) Telomerase
C) MAPK
D) CHEK

Question 20

What enzyme prolongs cellular life by sustaining telomere integrity?

A) MMP
B) Telomerase
C) MAPK
D) CHEK

Question 21

Discuss mechanisms of carcinogenesis.

Question 22

Discuss somatic mutations and carcinogenesis.

Question 23

Discuss angiogenesis and carcinogenesis.

Question 24

Discuss apoptosis and carcinogenesis.

Question 25

Discuss metastasis of cancer cells.

Question 26

Discuss immunosuppression and carcinogenesis.

Question 27

Discuss chronic inflammation and carcinogenesis.