Deck 9: Epidemiology of Venous Thromboembolism Pulmonary Embolism

Question 1

Veins have one-way valves to prevent the backflow of blood.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

VTE is rare in children and occurs predominantly in older adults in association with cardiovascular risk factors.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Thrombosis refers to the formation of blood clots.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Virchow's triad refers to (1) hypercoagulability, (2) hemodynamic changes (stasis and turbulence), and (3) endothelial injury and/or dysfunction.

Question 5

Annual incidence rates of VTE are lower in developed countries than undeveloped countries.

Question 6

Annual incidence rates of VTE are declining in developed countries.

Question 7

Annual mortality rates due to VTE are increasing in developed countries.

Question 8

Case fatality of VTE is about sixfold higher in unstable patients (those in shock or ventilator-dependent) compared to stable patients at the time of hospitalization.

Question 9

Heterozygous individuals for factor V Leiden have a 5-7-fold increase in the risk of VTE (DVT or PE) compared to non-carriers.

Question 10

Multiple cardiovascular risk factors also increase the risk for VTE development.

Question 11

Virchow's Triad includes all of the following except:

A) stasis of blood.
B) injury to blood vessels.
C) hypercoagulability.
D) low blood lipids.

Question 12

VTE specifically refers to which of the following disease processes?

A) DVT
B) MI
C) PE
D) CHF
E) Only a and c are correct.

Question 13

What is the trend in annual age-adjusted mortality rates of VTE in the United States and other developed countries?

A) Increasing
B) Decreasing
C) No change
D) Unstable

Question 14

What age bracket has the highest case fatality due to VTE?

A) 55-65 years
B) 65-75 years
C) 75-85 years
D) Over 85 years

Question 15

Major events that predispose to VTE include all of the following except:

A) hospitalization.
B) surgery.
C) immobilization.
D) vigorous exercise.

Question 16

Hospitalization and nursing home confinement account for what percentage of VTE cases?

A) 40%
B) 50%
C) 60%
D) 70%

Question 17

What fraction of VTE cases have active cancer?

A) 20%
B) 30%
C) 40%
D) 50%

Question 18

What ethnic group has the highest case fatality from VTE?

A) African American men and women
B) Caucasian American men and women
C) Hispanic American men and women
D) Asian American men and women

Question 19

Discuss the venous network of the circulatory system.

Question 20

Discuss DVT, PE, and VTE.

Question 21

Discuss the age-specific incidence of VTE.

Question 22

Discuss trends in the annual mortality and case fatality of VTE.

Question 23

Discuss the risk factors for VTE and/or PE.

Question 24

Discuss strategies for the prevention of VTE (DVT and PE).