Deck 17: The Evolution of Animals

Question 1

You are given the task of confirming the categorization of a newly discovered animal that has been tagged as a species of annelid.What evidence would convince you that it is indeed an annelid and not a roundworm or flatworm?

A) an incomplete digestive tract
B) a highly branched gastrovascular cavity
C) parasitic feeding habits
D) body segmentation

Answer 1

D

Question 2

How do sponges differ from all other animals?

A) Sponges exhibit radial symmetry.
B) Sponges are autotrophs.
C) Sponges lack a true body cavity.
D) Sponges lack true tissues.

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Humans are chordates.Which animal group is most closely related to chordates?

A) molluscs
B) echinoderms
C) annelids
D) arthropods

Answer 3

B

Question 4

The arthropod skeleton is composed of ________.

A) cellulose
B) peptidoglycan
C) chitin
D) glycogen

Question 5

Nearly all ________ are aquatic.

A) crustaceans
B) arachnids
C) flatworms
D) roundworms

Question 6

The common ancestor of all animals is likely to have been a ________.

A) colonial, flagellated protist
B) colonial, ciliated protist
C) colonial, flagellated bacterium
D) sponge

Question 7

You discover an organism that has scaly skin and is aquatic but returns to the land to reproduce.What else would you expect to find in this organism?

A) asexual reproduction
B) amniotic egg
C) a water vascular system
D) radial symmetry

Question 8

There are more species of ________ than of any other type of animal.

A) nematodes
B) molluscs
C) arthropods
D) chordates

Question 9

A characteristic of arthropods that has allowed for their great success is the presence of ________.

A) bilateral symmetry
B) an endoskeleton
C) a brain
D) specialized segments

Question 10

Which of these is a defining characteristic of animals that distinguishes them from other eukaryotes?

A) Animals are multicellular.
B) Animals ingest food.
C) Animals are heterotrophs.
D) Animals use photosynthesis.

Question 11

Which animals have a cylindrical body that is tapered at both ends?

A) platyhelminthes
B) cnidarians
C) annelids
D) roundworms

Question 12

What characteristic is unique to echinoderms?

A) a lack of segmentation
B) a water vascular system
C) radial symmetry
D) larvae with bilateral symmetry

Question 13

J)R.R.Tolkien is a famous author who wrote,among others,several books about the adventures of a community of a humanoid (meaning resembling a human)race.The individuals of this race are described by Tolkien as being "…between 2 and 4 feet (0.61-1.22 m)tall,the average height being 3 feet 6 inches (1.07 m)… a fairly human figure." This general description characterizes the humanoids mostly closely resembling ________.

A) Homo sapiens
B) Homo floresiensis
C) mandrills
D) lemurs

Question 14

________ are the most diverse group of arthropods.

A) Insects
B) Millipedes
C) Arachnids
D) Crustaceans

Question 15

Which of these exhibits radial symmetry?

A) butterfly
B) spoon
C) snowflake
D) shoe box

Question 16

________ are characterized by stinging cells used for defense and for capturing prey.

A) Annelids
B) Sponges
C) Cnidarians
D) Roundworms

Question 17

What name is given to the food-trapping cells of sponges?

A) cnidocytes
B) amoebocytes
C) skeletal fibers
D) choanocytes

Question 18

You encounter an insect with small eyes,long sensory antennae,and a long mouthpart shaped like a sword.What can you conclude about the environment in which it lives?

A) The environment is dark and has many plants.
B) The environment is wet and has many other insects.
C) The environment is hot and has many primates.
D) The environment is cool and has many reptiles.

Question 19

A(n)________ is an example of a mollusc that does not have a shell.

A) octopus
B) snail
C) spider
D) oyster

Question 20

The mobile stage of the cnidarian life cycle is the ________ stage.

A) bilateral
B) polyp
C) tadpole
D) medusa

Question 21

Which anthropoids are most closely related to humans?

A) orangutans
B) chimpanzees
C) gorillas
D) gibbons

Question 22

Almost every element of bird anatomy is modified for what?

A) laying eggs
B) eating seeds
C) enhancement of flight
D) singing unique songs

Question 23

A feature unique to mammals includes ________.

A) the presence of hair
B) extended parental care of the young
C) being endotherms
D) having no egg-laying members

Question 24

All chordates have ________.

A) a dorsal, hollow nerve cord and a notochord
B) a postanal tail and a single opening for the mouth and anus
C) a cranium and vertebrae
D) pharyngeal slits and a cranium

Question 25

________ are the mammalian group that lays eggs.

A) Eutherians
B) Tunicates
C) Monotremes
D) Marsupials

Question 26

Unique features of vertebrates include the presence of a(n)________.

A) endoskeleton
B) notochord
C) skull and a backbone
D) pharyngeal slit

Question 27

The lancelet is a(n)________.

A) annelid
B) flatworm
C) chordate
D) tunicate

Question 28

Which group of fishes includes a lineage that migrated out of fresh water and adapted to life on land?

A) ray-finned fishes
B) jawless fishes
C) lobe-finned fishes
D) cartilaginous fishes

Question 29

Among vertebrates,the unique feature of lampreys and hagfish is the ________.

A) presence of a cartilaginous skeleton
B) absence of a backbone
C) absence of jaws
D) absence of a postanal tail

Question 30

At a natural history museum,you see a skeleton with the following characteristics: four long,slender finger bones and a smaller opposable thumb bone,and larger feet with long toes.In what type of environment would you expect this organism to have lived?

A) one that lacks vegetation
B) one that is very cold
C) one that is very dry
D) one that is heavily forested

Question 31

Rays are a type of ________.

A) tunicate
B) cartilaginous fish
C) jawless fish
D) bony fish

Question 32

What does the term "tetrapod" mean?

A) egg-laying
B) living on land
C) living a double life
D) having four feet

Question 33

How do New World monkeys differ from Old World monkeys?

A) New World monkeys have a prehensile tail.
B) New World monkeys have enhanced depth perception.
C) Old World monkeys are arboreal.
D) Old World monkeys have claws.

Question 34

Swim bladders ________.

A) contain the gills
B) are required for fish to exchange gases with the surrounding water
C) are present in both bony and cartilaginous fishes
D) help bony fish maintain buoyancy

Question 35

While on an archaeology expedition,you unearth a skeleton with the following characteristics: four long,slender finger bones and a smaller opposable thumb bone,long arm bones,fingernails,and eye sockets close together on a skull.What type of organism do you suspect you may have found?

A) an anthropoid
B) a tarsier
C) a crustacean
D) a marsupial

Question 36

A feature that freed reptiles from dependence on water for reproduction is ________.

A) parental care of eggs
B) ectothermy
C) metamorphosis
D) the amniotic egg

Question 37

A(n)________ is an example of a chordate that is not a vertebrate.

A) lancelet
B) echinoderm
C) bird
D) fish

Question 38

Which of the following is a characteristic of all chordates?

A) They all have vertebral columns.
B) They all exhibit radial symmetry.
C) They all have a notochord sometime during their life cycle.
D) They all have an exoskeleton sometime during their life cycle.

Question 39

A characteristic that is shared by snakes and birds is ________.

A) being ectothermic
B) the presence of only a single ovary in females
C) the amniotic egg
D) being endothermic

Question 40

The platypus is a ________.

A) bird
B) marsupial
C) eutherian
D) monotreme

Question 41

Scenario Questions
Read the following scenario to answer the following questions.
Birds are a widespread group of animals with approximately 10,000 different species found throughout the world today. Because they are relatively easy to find and so visually appealing, they have been studied more thoroughly than many other groups of animals. They are also valuable biological indicators because many species live in different habitats during different times of the year and cover long migration routes. According to the World Conservation Union, extinction threatens over 1,200 bird species today, and at least 179 are critically endangered. Some of the most endangered species include the Tahiti monarch, with only 10 pairs remaining, and the Bali starling, with only 12 wild individuals left. In Hawaii, the last captive po'ouli died in 2005, and the last two known to be alive in the wild have not been seen since 2003-2004. Common birds are also disappearing. In North America, red-winged blackbird populations declined by at least 1 percent each year between 1980 and 1999. These examples can serve as a warning. Habitat loss through destruction, degradation, and fragmentation are serious problems that affect 86 percent of threatened birds and are exacerbated by unsustainable forestry practices and intensifying agriculture. All of this shows that conservation of habitats is critical if many of the world's bird species are going to be saved from extinction in the near future.
What is a feature of birds that makes them valuable as biological indicators?

A) Many migrate long distances.
B) Many are brightly colored.
C) There are over 10,000 different species of birds.
D) Birdwatching is a popular hobby.

Question 42

The process of biological evolution often allows humans to survive consistent environmental stresses that occur across multiple generations.As humans colonized Earth's diverse environments,they encountered hot,dry areas and decided to settle.What trait likely offered an advantage in this environment?

A) the ability to produce sweat to cool their bodies
B) the ability to shiver to create body heat
C) the ability to squint eyes to block out bright light
D) the ability to dig deep holes to find groundwater

Question 43

Art Questions

According to the figure,which organism group demonstrates the most advanced body plan in reference to presence of tissue and symmetry?

A) sponges
B) cnidarians
C) ancestral protists
D) arthropods

Question 44

Art Questions

Flatworms are similar to cnidarians in that both ________.

A) are chordates
B) have true tissues
C) lack a gastrovascular cavity
D) exhibit bilateral symmetry

Question 45

According to this evolutionary tree,how would you characterize a new anthropoid specimen discovered and estimated to be approximately 42 million years old?

A) one that could be a New World monkey or an Old World monkey
B) one that is likely a species of lemur
C) one that is likely a species of tarsier
D) one that evolved from a new ancestral primate

Question 46

Insects,such as the grasshopper shown below,have ________.

A) eight legs
B) a two-part body: head and abdomen
C) a three-part body: head, thorax, and abdomen
D) no wings

Question 47

The segmented body of the worm below suggests that it is a(n)________.

A) annelid
B) arthropod
C) snake
D) roundworm

Question 48

The figure below shows a simple worm.Bilateral symmetry and a highly branched gastrovascular cavity all suggest that the worm is a(n)________.

A) annelid
B) mollusk
C) chordate
D) flatworm

Question 49

Scenario Questions
Read the following scenario to answer the following questions.
Birds are a widespread group of animals with approximately 10,000 different species found throughout the world today. Because they are relatively easy to find and so visually appealing, they have been studied more thoroughly than many other groups of animals. They are also valuable biological indicators because many species live in different habitats during different times of the year and cover long migration routes. According to the World Conservation Union, extinction threatens over 1,200 bird species today, and at least 179 are critically endangered. Some of the most endangered species include the Tahiti monarch, with only 10 pairs remaining, and the Bali starling, with only 12 wild individuals left. In Hawaii, the last captive po'ouli died in 2005, and the last two known to be alive in the wild have not been seen since 2003-2004. Common birds are also disappearing. In North America, red-winged blackbird populations declined by at least 1 percent each year between 1980 and 1999. These examples can serve as a warning. Habitat loss through destruction, degradation, and fragmentation are serious problems that affect 86 percent of threatened birds and are exacerbated by unsustainable forestry practices and intensifying agriculture. All of this shows that conservation of habitats is critical if many of the world's bird species are going to be saved from extinction in the near future.
Approximately what percent of bird species are threatened with extinction today?

A) 5%
B) 12%
C) 25%
D) 45%

Question 50

Which of the following is one way in which scientists can test hypotheses about events that occurred in the distant past?

A) by dissecting current animal specimens
B) by analyzing fossils recovered from the Earth
C) by visiting local libraries to research the events
D) by interviewing current scientists and researchers

Question 51

Art Questions

All organisms with bilateral symmetry also have ________.

A) hard skeletons
B) bilateral adults
C) sense organs
D) an anterior head

Question 52

Scenario Questions
Read the following scenario to answer the following questions.
Birds are a widespread group of animals with approximately 10,000 different species found throughout the world today. Because they are relatively easy to find and so visually appealing, they have been studied more thoroughly than many other groups of animals. They are also valuable biological indicators because many species live in different habitats during different times of the year and cover long migration routes. According to the World Conservation Union, extinction threatens over 1,200 bird species today, and at least 179 are critically endangered. Some of the most endangered species include the Tahiti monarch, with only 10 pairs remaining, and the Bali starling, with only 12 wild individuals left. In Hawaii, the last captive po'ouli died in 2005, and the last two known to be alive in the wild have not been seen since 2003-2004. Common birds are also disappearing. In North America, red-winged blackbird populations declined by at least 1 percent each year between 1980 and 1999. These examples can serve as a warning. Habitat loss through destruction, degradation, and fragmentation are serious problems that affect 86 percent of threatened birds and are exacerbated by unsustainable forestry practices and intensifying agriculture. All of this shows that conservation of habitats is critical if many of the world's bird species are going to be saved from extinction in the near future.
What is the greatest threat to birds today?

A) pollution
B) poaching
C) habitat loss
D) the illegal pet trade

Question 53

Art Questions

Annelids are most closely related to ________.

A) chordates
B) arthropods
C) molluscs
D) echinoderms

Question 54

What type of symmetry does this organism exhibit?

A) asymmetrical
B) binomial
C) radial
D) bilateral

Question 55

The first hominid to spread beyond Africa was ________.

A) "Lucy"
B) Australopithecus afarensis
C) Homo erectus
D) Homo neanderthalensis

Question 56

According to this evolutionary tree,approximately how many years ago did humans and orangutans share a common ancestor?

A) 1 million years ago
B) 7 million years ago
C) 12 million years ago
D) 20 million years ago

Question 57

Which of these human characteristics is hypothesized to have evolved first?

A) enlarged brain
B) erect posture
C) language
D) loss of body hair

Question 58

Where did humans first appear?

A) South America
B) Africa
C) Asia
D) Europe