Question 1

At what stage in his theory of moral development did Kohlberg introduce the notion of reciprocity?&#10;A) Level II, Stage 4 - Punishment and obedience&#10;B) Level II, Stage 3 - Law-and-order mentality&#10;C) Level III, Stage 5 - Informed conscience&#10;D) Level I, Stage 2 - Naive instrumental behaviorism

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg introduced the notion of reciprocity at Level I, Stage 2, which is characterized by a naive instrumental hedonism where actions are guided by self-interest and a sense of fair exchange or reciprocity.

Question 2

__________ refers to the idea that a particular group, religion, or culture can believe something but cannot demand that everybody else agree with them.&#10;A) Conventional moral standards&#10;B) Moral development&#10;C) Moral growth&#10;D) Moral standards

Accepted Answer

A

Question 3

As children approach school age, they begin to understand the element of intent that differentiates dropping and breaking a dish &#34;on purpose&#34; versus &#34;by accident&#34; as a result of __________.&#10;A) encountering the reality of having to follow rules that are not established by parental edict&#10;B) a response mainly to cultural control to avoid punishment and attain satisfaction&#10;C) moral growth reflected by growing cognitive maturity and the ability to determine right from wrong&#10;D) moral development relating to autonomous thinking, clear decision making, and responsible action

Accepted Answer

Children's understanding of intent in actions reflects their cognitive maturity and moral growth, enabling them to differentiate between actions done "on purpose" and "by accident."

Question 4

At what stage in the moral development model did Kohlberg believe an internal moral code needs to appear if true morality is to develop, whereby an individual makes moral decisions by way of his or her own "enlightened conscience," rather than appealing to other people for these decisions?

A) Level I, Preconventional (4-10 years)
B) Level II, Conventional (10-13 years)
C) Level III, Postconventional (13 years and older)
D) Kohlberg did not believe individuals reach this stage

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's Level III, Postconventional stage, is where individuals develop an internal moral code and make decisions based on their own principles and conscience, rather than relying on external authority or societal norms.

Question 5

Kohlberg found that children begin to think about moral issues at about the age of _________.&#10;A) 1 year&#10;B) 4 years&#10;C) 8 years&#10;D) 10 years

Accepted Answer

Kohlberg's theory suggests that children start to think about moral issues around the age of 4, as they begin to understand rules and the concept of right and wrong.

Question 6

Young children (from birth to about 2 or 3 years of age) begin to learn about right and wrong from ______.&#10;A) their siblings&#10;B) their peers&#10;C) older children&#10;D) their parents

Accepted Answer

Young children primarily learn about right and wrong from their parents, who are their main caregivers and role models during the early years of life.

Question 7

School-aged children who are concrete thinkers _________.&#10;A) cannot grasp the concept of rules&#10;B) take on the role of moral philosophers about rules&#10;C) tend to cling to absolute rules of right and wrong&#10;D) appreciate the principle behind the rules

Accepted Answer

Concrete thinkers in school-aged children tend to see things in black and white, adhering strictly to rules without understanding the underlying principles.

Question 8

Gilligan questioned the validity of Kohlberg's theory for women based on her belief that Kohlberg's theory stressed the moral qualities of masculinity and ignored those moral qualities associated with femininity.

Accepted Answer

Gilligan argued that Kohlberg's theory was biased towards male perspectives, emphasizing justice and rights, while neglecting the care and relational aspects more commonly associated with women's moral reasoning.

Question 9

Moral development refers to the emergence in children of universal moral standards that lead to the condemnation of certain behaviors.

Accepted Answer

Moral development involves the formation of universal moral standards, which help children discern right from wrong and condemn behaviors that violate these standards.

Question 10

Knowing the right answer to a moral dilemma ensures moral behavior.

Accepted Answer

Knowing the right answer to a moral dilemma does not guarantee moral behavior, as actions are influenced by various factors such as personal values, emotions, and external pressures.

Question 11

Lying, stealing, and cheating may indicate serious behavioral disturbances in children.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Lying, stealing, and cheating may indicate serious...

Deck 48: Moral Development