Question 1

The variables used as matching criteria must be considered as exposures during analysis.

Accepted Answer

Matching variables are used to control for confounding, not as exposures. They are selected to ensure that matched groups are comparable on those variables, but they are not the primary variables of interest in the analysis.

Question 2

When the entire 95% confidence interval is less than 1, the odds ratio is statistically significant and the exposure is deemed to be protective in the study population.

Accepted Answer

A 95% confidence interval for an odds ratio that is entirely below 1 suggests that the exposure is associated with a statistically significant decrease in the odds of the outcome, indicating a protective effect.

Question 3

What type of table is used in case-control studies to compare two dichotomous (yes/no) variables?&#10;A) Crosstab&#10;B) Bar histogram&#10;C) Contingency table&#10;D) Two-by-two (2x2) table

Accepted Answer

A two-by-two (2x2) table is specifically used in case-control studies to compare two dichotomous variables, such as exposure and outcome.

Question 4

Which of the following is the measure of association that readers will expect to be reported for a case-control study?&#10;A) Odds ratio&#10;B) Chi-square&#10;C) Confidence interval&#10;D) p-value

Accepted Answer

In a case-control study, the odds ratio is the standard measure of association used to compare the odds of exposure between cases and controls.

Question 5

What type of matching approach is common in genetic studies that link each case to a genetic sibling or another close genetic relative for analysis?&#10;A) Frequency matching&#10;B) Group matching&#10;C) Matched-pairs matching&#10;D) Contingency matching

Accepted Answer

Matched-pairs matching is used in genetic studies to link each case with a genetic sibling or close relative, allowing for control of genetic and environmental factors.

Deck 10: Case-Control Studies