Deck 20: The Cardiovascular System: Blood

Question 1

Plasma proteins that attack foreign proteins and pathogens are ________.

A) clotting proteins
B) fibrinogens
C) immunoglobulins
D) albumins
E) metalloproteins

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The blood type of an individual is determined at the cellular level by ________.

A) the sex of the individual
B) the metabolic rate of the individual
C) the presence or absence of specific surface antigens in the plasma membrane of the erythrocyte
D) the age and physical condition of the parents
E) the amount of iron in the mother's diet

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following is the normal pH range of blood?

A) 2-3.55
B) 4.35-5.45
C) 7.35-7.45
D) 8.25-8.50
E) 9.35-9.65

Answer 3

C

Question 4

About 60 percent of plasma proteins are composed of ________.

A) fibrinogen
B) lipoproteins
C) electrolytes
D) albumins
E) globulins

Question 5

Rh antigen is also called ________.

A) anti-A
B) the A antigen
C) the B antigen
D) the D antigen
E) anti-D

Question 6

Plasma contributes approximately ________ of whole blood volume.

A) 2%
B) 15%
C) 25%
D) 55%
E) 75%

Question 7

What type of tissue is blood?

A) muscle tissue
B) nervous tissue
C) connective tissue
D) epithelial tissue
E) Blood does not fit into any of the typical categories.

Question 8

The plasma of the blood contains about 7% ________.

A) plasma proteins
B) erythrocytes
C) leukocytes
D) platelets
E) organic wastes

Question 9

Blood assists in defending the body against toxins and pathogens by ________.

A) warming the tissues immediately surrounding injury sites
B) transporting white blood cells to injury or infection sites
C) increasing the swelling of injured tissues
D) decreasing the pH of injured or infected tissues
E) preventing the replication of pathogens in tissues

Question 10

Which of the following prevents an erythrocyte from using the oxygen it carries?

A) the lack of a nucleus
B) a biconcave shape
C) the presence of hemoglobin
D) the lack of mitochondria
E) the existence of rouleaux

Question 11

The concentration of ________ in interstitial fluid is much higher than that of plasma.

A) oxygen
B) nitrogen
C) CO₂
D) ammonia
E) hydrogen

Question 12

Formed elements produced by megakaryocytes in bone marrow are ________.

A) platelets
B) neutrophils
C) erythrocytes
D) lymphocytes
E) monocytes

Question 13

Albumins in blood are important because they ________.

A) contribute to osmotic pressure
B) transport fatty acids
C) transport thyroid hormones
D) transport steroid hormones
E) All answer choices are correct.

Question 14

The ________ synthesize(s)and release(s)more than 90% of the plasma proteins.

A) liver
B) brain
C) spleen
D) kidneys
E) pancreas

Question 15

As a megakaryocyte develops and grows, what happens to its nucleus?

A) it remains the same size
B) it grows larger
C) it grows smaller
D) it is engulfed by phagocytes
E) it is attacked by antibodies

Question 16

The composition of the plasma of blood and the interstitial fluid differs chiefly in the concentration of ________.

A) dissolved gases and proteins
B) sodium ions
C) glucose and other sugars
D) water
E) salts

Question 17

Which of the following are plasma proteins that are an essential component of the clotting system?

A) albumins
B) fibrinogens
C) globulins
D) electrolytes
E) regulatory proteins

Question 18

In terms of organelles, an obvious difference between a mature erythrocyte and a leukocyte, viewed through a light microscope, is that the erythrocyte lacks ________.

A) a plasma membrane
B) a cytoskeleton
C) a nucleus
D) cytoplasm
E) 3-dimensional structure

Question 19

Heme molecules are important for holding which of the following in such a way that it can interact with an oxygen molecule?

A) a sodium ion
B) a nitrogen ion
C) an iron ion
D) a magnesium ion
E) a potassium ion

Question 20

Which formed elements of blood lose most of their organelles during differentiation and maturation?

A) megakaryocytes
B) basophils
C) monocytes
D) lymphocytes
E) erythrocytes

Question 21

________ clump together to form a temporary patch in the walls of damaged blood vessels.

A) Lymphocytes
B) Neutrophils
C) Monocytes
D) Basophils
E) Platelets

Question 22

The white blood cells that contain granules with histamine are called ________.

A) eosinophils
B) basophils
C) neutrophils
D) monocytes
E) lymphocytes

Question 23

A condition related to the insufficient production of clotting factors is known as ________.

A) iron-deficient anemia
B) polycythemia
C) embolism
D) hemolytic disease of the newborn
E) hemophilia

Question 24

In the adult, red blood cells are produced in areas of the ________.

A) liver
B) red bone marrow
C) spleen
D) pancreas
E) brainstem

Question 25

Myeloid stem cells produce all of the following formed elements except ________.

A) erythrocytes
B) platelets
C) basophils
D) lymphocytes
E) monocytes

Question 26

Which blood type could be administered to anyone without the risk of a cross-reaction?

A) A
B) B
C) O
D) Rh+
E) AB

Question 27

Which of the formed elements are responsible for specific immunity?

A) neutrophils
B) monocytes
C) erythrocytes
D) lymphocytes
E) basophils

Question 28

________, also known as B cells, differentiate into plasma cells, which secrete antibodies that attack foreign cells or proteins in distant portions of the body.

A) Monocytes
B) Lymphocytes
C) Platelets
D) Neutrophils
E) Eosinophils

Question 29

Natural Killer cells are a type of ________.

A) lymphocyte
B) erythrocyte
C) neutrophil
D) basophil
E) monocyte

Question 30

Which are characteristic of type O blood?
A: Has anti-A antibodies
B: Has anti-B antibodies
C: Has surface antigen O on its erythrocytes
D: Has surface antigen A on its erythrocytes
E: Has neither surface antigen A nor B on its erythrocytes

A) a, b, c
B) a, b, e
C) b, c, e
D) b, c, d
E) c, d, e

Question 31

Which of the following statements is true?

A) All lymphocytes are leukocytes.
B) All leukocytes are lymphocytes.
C) Basophils are agranulocytes.
D) Monocytes are granulocytes.
E) Platelets are agranulocytes.

Question 32

________ are phagocytic cells that contain a nucleus with many lobes.

A) Erythrocytes
B) Eosinophils
C) Platelets
D) Basophils
E) Neutrophils

Question 33

For erythropoiesis to proceed normally, the progenitor cells must receive adequate supplies of which of the following?
(1)amino acids
(2)calcium
(3)iron
(4)vitamin B₁₂
(5)vitamin K
(6)vitamin A

A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
B) 2, 4, 6
C) 1, 3, 5
D) 1, 3, 4
E) 2, 3, 5, 6

Question 34

A leukocyte with distinct bright orange-red cytoplasmic granules is called a(n)________.

A) eosinophil
B) monocyte
C) basophil
D) lymphocyte
E) neutrophil

Question 35

Hemoglobin molecules consist of ________ globular protein subunits.

A) two
B) four
C) eight
D) sixteen
E) thirty-two

Question 36

A person who is Rh-positive has the Rh antigen on the plasma membrane of his or her ________.

A) platelets
B) erythrocytes
C) neutrophils
D) eosinophils
E) lymphocytes

Question 37

Megakaryocytes produce ________.

A) monocytes
B) lymphocytes
C) erythrocytes
D) platelets
E) basophils

Question 38

Which is the least common type of white blood cell?

A) neutrophil
B) eosinophil
C) basophil
D) monocyte
E) lymphocyte

Question 39

The process of moving toward an area due to chemical signals is called ________.

A) diffusion
B) chemotaxis
C) diapedesis
D) phagocytosis
E) osmosis

Question 40

A leukocyte can migrate across a capillary wall by squeezing between adjacent endothelial cells, in a process known as ________.

A) chemotaxis
B) agglutination
C) hemolysis
D) sensitization
E) diapedesis

Question 41

Individuals with type B blood have plasma that contains anti-B antibodies.

Question 42

Lymphocytes are the most numerous leukocytes.

Question 43

Basophils assist mast cells of tissues in producing inflammation.

Question 44

What factors contribute to the short (approximately 120-day)life span of an erythrocyte?

Question 45

Blood cells and cell fragments suspended in the liquid matrix are collectively called the formed elements.

Question 46

A college student who is constantly dieting decides to go to the dining hall, as she has no energy, is experiencing muscular weakness, and sometimes becomes dizzy upon exertion. What is the likely diagnosis, and what is the cause of this condition?

Question 47

A round leukocyte whose nucleus resembles a string of beads, and whose cytoplasm contains large, pale inclusions, is a(n)________.

A) eosinophil
B) lymphocyte
C) basophil
D) monocyte
E) neutrophil

Question 48

Membrane-enclosed enzyme packets are called platelets.

Question 49

If a person with type A blood receives a type B blood transfusion, what event(s)may occur?

Question 50

The matrix of the blood, which has a density only slightly greater than water is called plasma.

Question 51

Fibrinogens are the smallest of the plasma proteins.

Question 52

Erythrocytes are the most abundant formed elements in the blood.

Question 53

In a type O individual, which of the following is true?

A) The plasma lacks anti-A antibodies.
B) The erythrocytes lack surface antigens A and B.
C) The plasma lacks anti-B antibodies.
D) The leukocytes possess both surface antigens A and B.
E) The erythrocytes possess both surface antigens A and B.

Question 54

The leukocyte that releases histamine to enhance inflammation is the ________.

A) eosinophil
B) basophil
C) lymphocyte
D) neutrophil
E) monocyte

Question 55

Immunoglobulins are often referred to as antibodies.

Question 56

The hormone erythropoietin is produced and secreted by the ________ during hypoxic conditions.

A) kidneys and liver
B) spleen and liver
C) bone marrow and spleen
D) thymus and liver
E) brain and spleen

Question 57

Platelets clump together to assist with hemostasis.

Question 58

Discuss the concept of "plasma expanders," often used for patients who are preparing for whole blood transfusions.

Question 59

Circulating platelets last about 10 to 12 days before they are broken down and their contents recycled.

Question 60

Basophils are granulocytes formed from myeloid stem cells.

Question 61

Figure 20.1

Identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label B.

A) Lymphatics
B) Rouleaux
C) Leukocytes
D) Megakaryocyte
E) Platelets

Question 62

Figure 20.2

Identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label E.

A) Megakaryocytes
B) Adipocytes
C) Monocytes
D) Developing erythrocytes and granulocytes
E) Lymphocytes

Question 63

Figure 20.1

Identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label D.

A) Nerve
B) Rouleaux
C) Blood vessel
D) Leukocyte
E) Lymphatic vessel

Question 64

Figure 20.2

Identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label G.

A) Eosinophil
B) RBC
C) Megakaryocyte
D) Adipocyte
E) Platelet

Question 65

Figure 20.2

Identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label D.

A) RBC
B) Lymphocyte
C) Adipocyte
D) Platelet
E) Eosinophil

Question 66

Figure 20.2

Identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label C.

A) Canaliculi
B) Venous sinuses
C) Central canals
D) Red bone marrow
E) Nutrient arteries

Question 67

Figure 20.2

Identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label A.

A) Osteon
B) Epiphysis
C) Compact bone
D) Nutrient foramen
E) Red bone marrow

Question 68

Figure 20.1

Identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label C.

A) Nucleus of endothelial cells
B) RBC
C) Lymphocyte
D) Neutrophil
E) Platelet

Question 69

Figure 20.2

Identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label B.

A) Nutrient artery
B) Canaliculus
C) Lacuna
D) Lamella
E) Venous sinus

Question 70

Figure 20.1

Identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label A.

A) Leukocyte
B) Platelet
C) Nerve
D) RBC
E) Megakaryocyte

Question 71

Figure 20.2

Identify the labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label F.

A) Platelets
B) RBCs
C) Eosinophils
D) Megakaryocytes
E) Lymphatic nodules