Deck 17: Interpreting the Language

Question 1

All articles that are in published in a referred journal underwent the peer-review process.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

If the study represents the realities found in the general population, then it is considered externally valid.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Healthcare professionals must be able to stay updated with the rapid changes in the field by interpreting the scientific and medical literature.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Literature interpretation is a skill set that benefits practice and application, but is not considered a major aspect of clinical practice.

Question 5

A useful suggestion during a literature search is to develop a bibliography of useful references.

Question 6

The Journal Citation Reports at ISI Web of Knowledge is a database that can be utilized to research impact factors of journals.

Question 7

Journals are ranked according to their subscription rates.

Question 8

Even studies with excellent methodologies will have limitations that need to be acknowledged in the manuscript.

Question 9

A sample of participants that do not represent the specific population being studied would affect construct validity.

Question 10

Participants that withdrawal from a study is an example of a source that could negatively affect the internal validity of that study.

Question 11

Construct validity assess the degree to which the measure relates to other variables as expected within a system or theory.

Question 12

The intent of the POEM format is to present evidence-based results in a concise and easily readable way that is applicable in clinical practice.

Question 13

A consensus or expert opinion is considered a Level A for evidence rating

Question 14

An evidence rating can be a guide for clinicians regarding the study's strength of the evidence and its source.

Question 15

A well written and informative textbook is the key to modern, clinical practice.

Question 16

Which of the following supports the value of a journal within the discipline?

A) NLM Ranking
B) Journal Impact Factor
C) Journal Circulation
D) Total Advertising

Question 17

Which of the following is a pitfall of large sample size?

A) Lack of representation
B) Minimizing the importance of a finding
C) Failing to reject the null hypothesis
D) No significant difference between groups

Question 18

What type of validity is in question when a reader just feels something does not seem right about the study?

A) Instrument validity
B) Construct validity
C) Face validity
D) Temporal validity

Question 19

What calculation should be performed when analyzing the clinical importance of categorical outcomes?

A) 95% confidence interval
B) Standard error
C) Effect size
D) Number needed to treat (NNT)

Question 20

What does the 95% confidence interval represent?

A) The range of values that includes the true population value
B) The range that includes 95% of the sample's raw scores
C) A 95% chance of obtaining a statistically significant value
D) The level of certainty the investigator has in the sample mean

Question 21

Which of the following represents the highest level of evidence?

A) Epidemiologic study
B) Retrospective study
C) Expert opinion
D) Randomized control trial

Question 22

What are the five main steps to the scientific method?

A) Question, Review, Analysis, Confirm, Interpret
B) Problem, Question, Methods, Results, Interpretation
C) Patient, Orientation, Evidence-based, Clinical, Practice
D) None of these

Question 23

Which is a question that would help to evaluate the literature?

A) At which university was the study completed?
B) How much was the monetary reward for participating?
C) What was the design of the study?
D) All of these

Question 24

Which is a threat to the external validity of a study?

A) The interventions cannot be easily replicated in real life
B) The observer taking measurements is not objective
C) Maturation of the participants from 3 to 8 years of age
D) None of these

Question 25

Which statement is true regarding a literature search?

A) Literature searches provides a foundation in theory and topic of concern.
B) It helps the researcher discover what research has been done and how it can be done differently or better.
C) Misinterpretations of the literature can lead to significant errors in healthcare practice.
D) All of these
E) None of these

Question 26

The rationale of a study:

A) is the specification of the sample and population of participants that will be studied
B) relates to the methodology of the study
C) is the explanation of why this study was completed
D) is based on the authors' experience and their affiliations

Question 27

Which study would have a Level A classification for evidence rating?

A) Case Study of a rare genetic disorder
B) Systematic review of current treatments for Lupus
C) Retrospective study reviewing case history reports
D) Expert opinion on childhood obesity