Deck 12: Exploring Statistics Comparing Differences in Health Care

Question 1

When using Hotelling's T² , the effect size is determined by calculating Cohen's d statistic.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

One way to assess the magnitude of the difference between groups is to calculate an affect size.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Statistical significance and clinical significance can be used interchangeably when discussing research.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

MANOVA is a variant of the Student's t-Test that allows for the study of multiple dependent variables.

Question 5

Hotelling's T squared can be used when only one variable is compared between two groups.

Question 6

The paired t-test is considered more powerful than the independent samples t-test because there is less variability created.

Question 7

When comparing groups in a study, which question is not essential for clinicians to answer?

A) Was there a difference between the groups?
B) If something different did occur between the groups, was it due to chance?
C) Did the participants receive a monetary reward for participation?
D) If something nonrandomized occurred between the groups, how large was the effect size?

Question 8

Which factor can increase the complexity of interpreting the statistical analysis?

A) Groups are categorized using one independent variable.
B) The study design uses both independent and repeated measures.
C) Multiple dependent variables are measured
D) All of these
E) None of these

Question 9

The one-way ANOVA is an extension of which test?

A) Correlation
B) t-Test
C) Measures of Central Tendency
D) None of these

Question 10

A study examined blood pressure rates during three specific times in a 24 hour period within three groups. Which is the appropriate statistic to use in analysis?

A) t-Test
B) Linear regression
C) Mean
D) Repeated Measures

Question 11

If a significant F ratio is revealed in a Repeated Measures ANOVA, which test should be used to determine what differences have occurred between the participants' measurements?

A) Correlation
B) Chi Square
C) Post hoc
D) p value

Question 12

The results of a new physical therapy treatment for improving rehabilitation post knee surgery resulted in an effect size of .07. This demonstrates which type of effect size?

A) Small
B) Medium
C) Large
D) Inconclusive

Question 13

The F value in a MANOVA is ______________.

A) Multivariate F
B) P value
C) Beta value
D) None of these

Question 14

Which test statistic is an extension of t-Test that involves more than two groups?

A) One-way ANOVA
B) Cohen's d
C) Eta squared
D) Hotelling's T²

Question 15

With a Repeated Measures ANOVA, which statistic is used to check for sphericity and protect against a type I error?

A) One-way ANOVA
B) Cohen's d
C) Eta squared
D) Mauchly's

Question 16

Will an affect size be calculated when the group's mean are equivalent under the null hypothesis?

Question 17

Which of the following is an observed test statistic?

A) F ratio
B) P value
C) Beta value
D) Mean

Question 18

Which of the following tests should be used to compare two independent groups using one categorical independent variable and one continuous dependent variable.

A) Paired t-Test
B) Independent samples t-Test
C) One-way ANOVA
D) Chi square

Question 19

Which of the following test should be used when more than two groups are categorized using more than one independent variable?

A) Paired t-test
B) One-way ANOVA
C) Factorial ANOVA
D) Hotelling's T squared

Question 20

In which of the following is statistical significance more likely to be found?

A) When using a one-tailed test
B) When the differences in two means are small
C) When sample sizes are small
D) When variances are large

Question 21

When using a t-test, what is the suggested minimum number of individuals per group?

A) 5
B) 15
C) 30
D) 50

Question 22

Which of the following is the effect size measurement for a t-test?

A) Cohen's d
B) Eta squared
C) Omega squared
D) Mahalanobis distance

Question 23

What is examined if there is a significant interaction found using factorial ANOVA?

A) Separate effects
B) Simple main effects
C) No effects
D) All effects

Question 24

Which of the following procedures partitions the variability into three distinct parts on the ANOVA table?

A) One-way ANOVA
B) Factorial ANOVA
C) Repeated measures ANOVA
D) None of these