Deck 8: The Skeletal System: Articulations

Question 1

Which of the following is a function of synovial fluid?

A) acts as a shock absorber
B) prevents movement
C) channels the flow of blood
D) restricts joint movement
E) strengthens and reinforces the joint

Answer 1

A

Question 2

The structure that surrounds a synovial joint is called (a)________.

A) meniscus
B) joint capsule
C) synovial membrane
D) bursa
E) fat pad

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Movement of joints may occur along how many possible axes of motion?

A) three
B) two
C) one
D) five
E) four

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Damage to a joint so that it is slightly dislocated is called a ________.

A) luxation
B) subluxation
C) complete dislocation
D) separation
E) strain

Question 5

Which of the following is a classification of a joint in which the bones are separated by a pad of fibrous cartilage?

A) ball and socket
B) gliding
C) pivot
D) symphysis
E) hinge

Question 6

Movement in the anterior-posterior plane that decreases the angle between the articulating elements is ________.

A) abduction
B) adduction
C) extension
D) rotation
E) flexion

Question 7

Which of the following is the correct classification for the distal articulation between the tibia and fibula, and the interosseous membrane between the radius and ulna?

A) gomphosis
B) suture
C) syndesmosis
D) synchondrosis
E) synostosis

Question 8

An accessory structure of a joint that may subdivide a synovial cavity, channel the flow of synovial fluid, or allow for variations in the shapes of the articular surfaces is a ________.

A) ligament
B) bursa
C) meniscus
D) fat pad
E) tendon

Question 9

The type of joint formed by the joining of the diaphysis and each epiphysis is called a ________.

A) gomphosis
B) synchondrosis
C) synostosis
D) symphysis
E) suture

Question 10

Small, synovial fluid-filled pockets in connective tissue are called ________.

A) tendons
B) intrinsic ligaments
C) fat pads
D) bursae
E) extrinsic ligaments

Question 11

A specialized form of fibrous synarthrosis that binds each tooth to the surrounding bony socket is a ________.

A) syndesmosis
B) symphysis
C) synchondrosis
D) gomphosis
E) synostosis

Question 12

Accessory structures found around the joint periphery, which provide packing material and fill spaces created when the joint cavity changes shape, are called ________.

A) fat pads
B) menisci
C) bursae
D) tendons
E) ligaments

Question 13

A cartilaginous joint that permits slight movement is (a)________.

A) symphysis
B) synovial joint
C) synostosis
D) synchondrosis
E) gomphosis

Question 14

Which of the following associations describes the shoulder joint?

A) uniaxial-hinge
B) biaxial-condyloid
C) triaxial-ball and socket
D) monaxial-hinge
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 15

An example of angular motion away from the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane is ________.

A) flexion
B) abduction
C) extension
D) rotation
E) adduction

Question 16

Which of the following associations is most accurate?

A) synarthroses-slightly movable
B) amphiarthroses-freely movable
C) diarthroses-immovable
D) diarthroses-synovial
E) gomphoses-slightly movable

Question 17

A joint that permits free movement is called ________.

A) a synarthrosis
B) a synostosis
C) a diarthrosis
D) a synchondrosis
E) an amphiarthrosis

Question 18

A fibrous synarthrosis joint that holds skull bones together is called (a)________.

A) suture
B) gomphosis
C) synchondrosis
D) synostosis
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 19

A dislocation, in which the articulating surfaces of a joint are forced entirely out of position, is called (a)________.

A) luxation
B) subluxation
C) congenital abnormality
D) symphysis
E) fracture

Question 20

The first carpometacarpal joint and the wrist are ________ joints.

A) nonaxial
B) monoaxial
C) triaxial
D) quadaxial
E) biaxial

Question 21

The condition called ________ may occur under severe compression, when the nucleus pulposus breaks through the annulus fibrosus.

A) rheumatoid arthritis
B) rheumatism
C) herniated disc
D) a sprain
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 22

Intercarpal joints are ________.

A) ellipsoidal joints
B) hinge joints
C) plane joints
D) ball and socket joints
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 23

A painful condition associated with disc degeneration that affects the spinal nerves is called the ________.

A) bulging disc
B) herniated disc
C) intervertebral disc disease
D) sciata
E) ankylosing spondylitis

Question 24

The joint that permits the greatest range of motion in the entire body is the ________.

A) hip
B) shoulder
C) knee
D) elbow
E) neck

Question 25

A joint that allows only rotational movements is called a ________.

A) circumductive joint
B) pivot joint
C) gliding joint
D) pronation joint
E) ball and socket

Question 26

Moving a part of the body anteriorly in the horizontal plane is called ________.

A) flexion
B) opposition
C) retraction
D) protraction
E) extension

Question 27

The ________ extends between the greater and lesser tubercles and holds the long head of the biceps brachii muscle in the intertubercular groove of the humerus.

A) coracoclavicular ligament
B) acromioclavicular ligament
C) glenohumeral ligament
D) transverse humeral ligament
E) coracoacromial ligament

Question 28

The atlanto-axial joint is an example of a(n)________ joint.

A) gliding
B) pivot
C) saddle
D) ellipsoid
E) hinge

Question 29

The insertion of the ________ (an extracapsular structure of the temporomandibular joint)covers the posterior portion of the mylohyoid line.

A) lateral ligament
B) temporomandibular ligament
C) geniohyoid ligament
D) sphenomandibular ligament
E) stylomandibular ligament

Question 30

The first carpometacarpal joint is an example of a/an ________.

A) hinge joint
B) ellipsoid joint
C) pivot joint
D) gliding joint
E) saddle joint

Question 31

Pronation and supination occur at a/the ________.

A) humeroulnar joint
B) radio-ulnar joint
C) temporomandibular joint
D) glenohumeral joint
E) tibiofibular joint

Question 32

Joints between the superior and inferior articulating facets of adjacent vertebrae are called ________.

A) symphyses
B) gomphoses
C) synostoses
D) syndesmoses
E) zygapophysial joints

Question 33

At the humeroradial joint, the ________ articulates with the head of the radius.

A) capitulum
B) greater tubercle
C) glenoid labrum
D) lesser tubercle
E) trochlea

Question 34

What movement occurs when the vertebral column bends to the side?

A) flexion
B) lateral flexion
C) abduction
D) elevation
E) adduction

Question 35

Which of the following is an example of angular motion?

A) depression
B) protraction
C) extension
D) eversion
E) opposition

Question 36

During a shoulder separation injury, which of the following structures is most likely to be damaged?

A) acromioclavicular ligament
B) coracohumeral ligament
C) coracoacromial ligament
D) sternoclavicular ligament
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 37

The movement made at the proximal radioulnar joint when turning the palm of the hand upward is called ________.

A) extension
B) supination
C) flexion
D) retraction
E) pronation

Question 38

Which structure(s) , firmly attached to the superior border of the manubrium, prevents dislocation when the shoulder is depressed?

A) glenoid labrum
B) interclavicular ligament
C) anterior sternoclavicular ligament
D) costoclavicular ligament
E) glenohumeral ligament

Question 39

Which ligament is often injured as a result of the repetitive, high-velocity motions involved in throwing?

A) radial collateral ligament
B) annular ligament
C) transverse humeral ligament
D) ulnar collateral ligament
E) coracoacromial ligament

Question 40

The temporomandibular joint is ________.

A) amphiarthrotic
B) a symphysis
C) a gliding joint
D) actually made up of three separate joints
E) primarily a hinge joint

Question 41

Which of the following are condylar joints in the foot that permit flexion/extension and abduction/adduction?

A) intertarsal joints
B) tarsometatarsal joints
C) metatarsophalangeal joints
D) interphalangeal joints
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 42

Structures that compose the ankle joint include ________.

A) the distal articular surface of the tibia
B) the medial malleolus
C) the lateral malleolus of the fibula
D) the trochlea and lateral articular facets of the talus
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 43

A ligament that originates at the base of the coracoid process and inserts on the head of the humerus is the acromioclavicular ligament.

Question 44

The ________ crosses the acetabular notch in the hip joint.

A) transverse acetabular ligament
B) iliofemoral ligament
C) acetabular labrum
D) pubofemoral ligament
E) ischiofemoral ligament

Question 45

Which of the following is an intracapsular ligament that stabilizes the hip joint, and tightens only when the thigh is flexed and undergoing external rotation?

A) the iliofemoral ligament
B) the pubofemoral ligament
C) the ischiofemoral ligament
D) the transverse acetabular ligament
E) the ligament of the femoral head

Question 46

Arthritis always involves damage to (the)________.

A) bony tissue
B) bursae
C) ligaments
D) articular cartilages
E) tendon sheaths

Question 47

The cruciate ligaments attach to the ________ of the tibia.

A) condyles
B) epicondyles
C) anterior tuberosity
D) intercondylar area
E) linea aspera

Question 48

The metacarpophalangeal joints are ________ joints.

A) saddle
B) plane
C) hinge
D) gliding
E) condylar

Question 49

Which structure(s) is/are attached to the anterior surface of the tibia?

A) tibial collateral ligament
B) popliteal ligament
C) anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments
D) patellar ligament
E) fibular collateral ligament

Question 50

One of the thickenings in the anterior aspect of the capsule surrounding the shoulder joint is the glenohumeral ligament.

Question 51

The knee joint differs from other large, complex synovial joints of the body in which of the following features?

A) It is a hinge joint.
B) It is reinforced by ligaments.
C) It is rarely dislocated.
D) It is composed of two joints within a complex synovial capsule.
E) The knee joint does not differ from other joints.

Question 52

Which of the following fractures are among the most dangerous seen in elderly people?

A) hip fractures
B) knee fractures
C) elbow fractures
D) ankle fractures
E) wrist fractures

Question 53

Which of the knee structures function(s)to reinforce the medial and lateral surfaces of the joint, tighten only at full extension of the joint, and act to stabilize the joint?

A) patellar ligament
B) tibial and fibular collateral ligaments
C) popliteal ligaments
D) anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments
E) iliofemoral ligament

Question 54

Plantar flexion elevates the heel and plantar surface of the foot.

Question 55

The sphenomandibular ligament attaches the styloid process to the mandibular ramus.

Question 56

Ankylosing spondylitis is arthritis that affects the joints of the axial skeleton.

Question 57

________ of the knee is preceded by unlocking of the knee.

A) Extension
B) Protraction
C) Opposition
D) Retraction
E) Flexion

Question 58

Which structure(s) connects the distal radius to the anterior surfaces of the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum?

A) dorsal radiocarpal ligament
B) ulnar collateral ligament
C) palmar radiocarpal ligament
D) radial collateral ligament
E) intercarpal ligament

Question 59

The superficial ________ reinforce(s)the back of the knee joint.

A) anterior cruciate ligament
B) patellar ligaments
C) popliteal ligaments
D) medial collateral ligament
E) posterior cruciate ligament

Question 60

The major weight-bearing articulation of the ankle is the ________ joint.

A) tibiocalcaneal
B) tibiotalar
C) tibiofibular
D) fibulocuboidal
E) fibulotalar

Question 61

Figure 8.2

Using the above-referenced anterior view and lateral and sectional views of the intervertebral articulations, identify the specified labeled items in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label A.

A) Transverse process
B) Intervertebral foramen
C) Spinous process
D) Ligamentum flavum
E) Superior articular process

Question 62

The radial collateral ligament extends from the styloid process of the radius to the medial surface of the scaphoid.

Question 63

Figure 8.1

Using the above-referenced diagrammatic view of a simple articulation, identify the specified labeled items in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label C.

A) Endosteum
B) Synovial membrane
C) Joint capsule
D) Periosteum
E) Articular cartilage

Question 64

Figure 8.1

Using the above-referenced diagrammatic view of a simple articulation, identify the specified labeled items in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label A.

A) Meniscus
B) Bursa
C) Articular cartilage
D) Medullary cavity
E) Joint capsule

Question 65

Figure 8.1

Using the above-referenced diagrammatic view of a simple articulation, identify the specified labeled items in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label G.

A) Periosteum
B) Joint cavity
C) Medullary cavity
D) Compact bone
E) Articular cartilage

Question 66

Figure 8.1

Using the above-referenced diagrammatic view of a simple articulation, identify the specified labeled items in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label E.

A) Periosteum
B) Articular cartilage
C) Endosteum
D) Medullary cavity
E) Synovial membrane

Question 67

Potts fracture involves the medial and lateral malleolus.

Question 68

Figure 8.2

Using the above-referenced anterior view and lateral and sectional views of the intervertebral articulations, identify the specified labeled items in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label B.

A) Posterior longitudinal ligament
B) Supraspinous ligament
C) Interspinous ligament
D) Anterior longitudinal ligament
E) Ligamentum flavum

Question 69

What are the components of a synovial joint?

Question 70

The ligament that ties the clavicle to the coracoid process to limit the relative motion between the clavicle and scapula is the coracoclavicular ligament.

Question 71

How does a syndesmosis differ from a symphysis, even though both are classified as amphiarthroses?

Question 72

Turn soles inward is called dorsiflexion.

Question 73

Figure 8.2

Using the above-referenced anterior view and lateral and sectional views of the intervertebral articulations, identify the specified labeled items in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label D.

A) Interspinous ligament
B) Anterior longitudinal ligament
C) Supraspinous ligament
D) Annulus fibrosus
E) Posterior longitudinal ligament

Question 74

Figure 8.1

Using the above-referenced diagrammatic view of a simple articulation, identify the specified labeled items in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label D.

A) Periosteum
B) Articular cartilage
C) Endosteum
D) Medullary cavity
E) Compact bone

Question 75

Why do human beings lose height as they reach old age?

Question 76

Figure 8.2

Using the above-referenced anterior view and lateral and sectional views of the intervertebral articulations, identify the specified labeled items in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label E.

A) Intervertebral disc
B) Superior articular facet
C) End plate
D) Transverse process
E) Inferior articular facet

Question 77

Why are the functional requirements of the lower limb joints different from those of the upper limb?

Question 78

The head of the radius is held in place by the annular ligament and the quadrate ligament.

Question 79

How does the construction of the shoulder capsule contribute to the extensive range of motion of the shoulder joint?

Question 80

Figure 8.1

Using the above-referenced diagrammatic view of a simple articulation, identify the specified labeled items in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label F.

A) Endosteum
B) Articular cartilage
C) Periosteum
D) Compact bone
E) Medullary cavity