Deck 10: Populations and Samples

Question 1

Non-probability sampling involves strict criteria in which every individual in the population has a known chance of getting selected for the sample.

Answer 1

False

Question 2

The closer a sample is to representing the whole population, the more accurate inferences or assumptions will be regarding the population.

Answer 2

True

Question 3

A hypothesis should be developed prior to conducting research.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

The null hypothesis states that there is a relationship between the variables.

Question 5

Sample size is not an important consideration when planning research and evaluations.

Question 6

Researchers need to consider all costs with sample size prior to final decisions.

Question 7

The more precision required, the more the acceptable margin of error.

Question 8

A group or collection of interest for the research is defined as a ____________.

Question 9

__________ error occurs when the null hypothesis is true and researchers reject it; whereas ________ error occurs when the null hypothesis is false and the researcher fails to reject it.

Question 10

In social science, the level of significance is typically set at _____.

Question 11

If a population is composed of diverse individuals, a ______ sample size is needed for precision, whereas if the individuals are similar, a _________ sample size is needed.

Question 12

In social science, researchers generally use a _______ confidence level, but in natural science, researchers often use a ______ confidence level.

Question 13

__________ data is a set of data that was previously collected, and _______ data is collected by researchers.

Question 14

If the sample does not represent the population, then the assumptions made from the sample are __________.

Question 15

Quantitative data requires ____________. Which involves looking at the data spread sheet, finding errors, going back to the original survey, and correcting mistakes.

Question 16

Mathematical procedures used to assume or understand predictions about the whole population based on the data collected from a random sample selected from the population are called:

A) Probability statistics
B) Inferential statistics
C) Descriptive statistics
D) Experimental statistics

Question 17

The statistical risk that researchers are willing to accept when making the decision to fail to reject or reject the null hypothesis is called:

A) Type of error
B) Margin of Error
C) Level of Significance
D) Confidence Level

Question 18

Generally researchers do not use a margin of error over:

A) 1%
B) 5%
C) 10%
D) 20%

Question 19

The similarities and differences among the population are defined as:

A) Variability
B) Stability
C) Reliability
D) Validity

Question 20

The amount of certainty that researchers have that a sample is a true reflection of a population is called:

A) Margin of Error
B) Population justification
C) Level of ambiguity
D) Confidence level

Question 21

Choose the most accurate statement.

A) Researches use characteristics of the sample (inference) to estimate the characteristics of the population (parameters).
B) Researches use characteristics of the sample (parameters) to estimate the characteristics of the population (statistics).
C) Researches use characteristics of the sample (randomized) to estimate the characteristics of the population (parameters).
D) Researches use characteristics of the sample (statistics) to estimate the characteristics of the population (parameters).

Question 22

If the level of significance is set at .001, the risk of a Type I error is:

A) 1 in 10
B) 1 in 100
C) 1 in 1000
D) 1 in 10000