Deck 12: Surface Anatomy and Cross-Sectional Anatomy

Question 1

The two vertical bony ridges on the upper back are the ________.

A) clavicles
B) vertebral borders of the scapulae
C) rotator cuffs
D) spines of the scapulae
E) erector spinae muscles

Answer 1

B

Question 2

The area below the shoulder, at which the upper extremity attaches to the axial skeleton, is (the)________.

A) cubital fossa
B) clavicular fossa
C) axilla
D) jugular notch
E) None of the answers are correct.

Answer 2

C

Question 3

In most people, the flexed wrist will expose ________ tendons.

A) 2
B) 3
C) 4
D) 5
E) 6

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Surface anatomy ________.

A) is apparent in individuals with thick layers of subcutaneous fat
B) is best studied using the regional approach
C) is not useful during an invasive lab procedure
D) requires an invasive approach
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 5

From an anterior view, the largest muscle of the superior trunk is the ________.

A) rectus abdominis
B) external oblique
C) pectoralis major
D) serratus anterior
E) deltoid

Question 6

The depression on the anterior midline of the inferior aspect of the neck, between the clavicular heads, is (the)________.

A) supraclavicular fossa
B) jugular notch
C) angle of the mandible
D) site of the brachial plexus
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 7

An understanding of surface anatomy can be used ________.

A) to help demonstrate the structural and functional relationships between the skeletal and muscular systems
B) to diagnose some muscular problems
C) in crucial medical examinations of patients in a clinical setting
D) to develop the skills necessary to perform invasive and noninvasive lab procedures
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 8

The flap of skin and cartilage in the temporal region is called the ________.

A) mastoid process
B) auricle
C) ear
D) external acoustic canal
E) temporalis

Question 9

The oblique line separating the abdomen and the lower limb is the location of (the)________.

A) inguinal canal
B) radial nerve
C) jugular notch
D) costal margin
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 10

In the midline at the junction of the neck and the upper back, the ________ forms a bony projection.

A) acromion process
B) tip of the scapular spine
C) border of the scapula
D) distal head of the clavicle
E) vertebra prominens (C7)

Question 11

The best models to use in studying surface anatomy include ________.

A) plastic models from the laboratory
B) babies and children
C) elderly individuals
D) extremely slender individuals who have little body fat
E) individuals with well-developed muscles and little body fat

Question 12

The region in the neck where you can feel your pulse is called the ________.

A) suprahyoid triangle
B) submandibular triangle
C) superior carotid triangle
D) inferior carotid triangle
E) posterior cervical triangle

Question 13

Clinically, the most common site to obtain a venous blood sample is (the)________.

A) head of the radius
B) median cubital vein
C) basilic vein
D) cephalic vein
E) pronator teres region

Question 14

On the lateral surface of the wrist, at the base of the thumb, the readily palpated "bump" is the ________.

A) head of the radius
B) styloid process of the radius
C) lunate bone
D) head of metacarpal five
E) scaphoid bone

Question 15

The superior edge of the sternum, which can be palpated, is the ________.

A) linea alba
B) manubrium
C) costal cartilage
D) xiphoid process
E) body of the sternum

Question 16

The midline region of the mandible is called the ________.

A) mental protuberance
B) external occipital protuberance
C) body of the mandible
D) symphysis
E) thyroid cartilage

Question 17

Surface anatomy is used to study ________.

A) the epidermis
B) the texture of the surface of the body
C) the relationship of deep anatomy to superficial anatomical landmarks on the human body
D) the movement patterns of structures at or near the surface of the body
E) All of the answers are correct.

Question 18

The area superior to the collar bone that indents slightly is the ________.

A) supraclavicular fossa
B) cubital fossa
C) infraclavicular fossa
D) supraspinatus fossa
E) antecubital fossa

Question 19

The inferior, posterior head is the ________ region.

A) occipital
B) parietal
C) temporal
D) nuchal
E) None of the answers are correct.

Question 20

To perform a spinal tap, a health professional inserts a needle in the intervertebral spaces between the ________ vertebrae.

A) L3 and L4
B) L1 and L2
C) L2 and L3
D) L1, L2, and L3
E) L1 and L5

Question 21

Which of the following is also located at the midline in a cross-sectional view of the head, at the level of the optic chiasm?

A) hippocampus
B) eyes
C) parietal bone
D) nasal bone
E) zygomatic bone

Question 22

In a cross section of the head at the level of C2, the most anterior structure is the ________.

A) ethmoid
B) sternocleidomastoid muscle (sternal head)
C) median lingual raphe
D) orbicularis oris muscle
E) medial rectus muscle

Question 23

The site of palpation for the ________ is located inferior to the landmarks for the medial epicondyle of the humerus and the olecranon of the ulna.

A) head of the ulna
B) styloid process of the radius
C) ulnar nerve
D) anconeus muscle
E) tendon of the insertion of the triceps brachii muscle

Question 24

The ________ form the prominent bony features located bilaterally in the lower abdomen.

A) costal margins
B) anterior superior iliac spines
C) tendinous inscriptions of the rectus abdominis muscles
D) pubic symphyses
E) inguinal ligaments

Question 25

When looking at a cross-sectional image, the top of the image is the ________ aspect of the patient.

A) lateral
B) posterior
C) anterior
D) inferior
E) superior

Question 26

The ________ muscle(s)forms the widest part of the back and appears on the lateral surface(s)of the lower thoracic and upper abdominal regions.

A) trapezius
B) erector spinae
C) infraspinatus
D) latissimus dorsi
E) teres major

Question 27

In addition to using visual observation in the regional approach to surface anatomy, one can identify specific structures by ________.

A) palpation
B) dissection
C) invasive procedures
D) UV irradiation
E) spectroscopy

Question 28

The ________ divides the anterior and posterior cervical triangles.

A) auricle
B) omohyoid muscle
C) hyoid bone
D) jugular notch
E) sternocleidomastoid muscle

Question 29

The anatomical term for the heel is the ________.

A) talus
B) calcaneal tendon
C) medial malleolus
D) calcaneus
E) lateral malleolus

Question 30

Which of the following is/are the most anterior structure(s) in a cross-section at the lumbar level (L5)?

A) vertebrae
B) rectus abdominis muscles
C) descending colon
D) psoas thoracis muscles
E) sacroiliac joint

Question 31

The left side of a cross-section is the ________ side of the specimen.

A) left
B) anterior
C) right
D) medial
E) lateral

Question 32

The bony projection that occurs bilaterally on the posterior aspect at mid-thorax is the ________ of the scapula.

A) vertebral border
B) inferior angle
C) spine
D) suprascapular notch
E) glenoid cavity

Question 33

The cavity at the back of the knee is the ________.

A) cubital fossa
B) subclavian fossa
C) popliteal fossa
D) olecranon fossa
E) gastrocnemius

Question 34

In the standard method of presentation for all clinical images, cross-sectional images are always viewed in the ________ view.

A) superior
B) anterior
C) inferior
D) posterior
E) medial

Question 35

Which of the following is/are the largest and most easily recognized structure(s) on the lateral portion(s)of a cross-section at the level of the middle thoracic vertebra (T8)?

A) heart
B) lungs
C) esophagus
D) trachea
E) latissimus dorsi muscles

Question 36

Flexing the arm slightly, while simultaneously clenching the fist, will cause the ________ on the surface of the biceps brachii muscle to bulge.

A) cephalic vein
B) median antebrachial vein
C) median cubital vein
D) radial artery
E) brachial artery

Question 37

The dorsalis pedis artery is palpated (at the)________.

A) anteromedial surface of the foot
B) posteromedial surface of the foot
C) sole of the foot
D) inferior to the lateral malleolus
E) between the medial malleolus and the calcaneal tendon

Question 38

The most medial structure of the ankle and foot is the ________.

A) tendon of extensor hallucis longus muscle
B) base of the first metatarsal
C) tendon of the tibialis anterior muscle
D) medial malleolus
E) tendon of tibialis posterior muscle

Question 39

The site for palpation of the posterior tibial artery is located inferomedial to the ________.

A) calcaneal tendon
B) tendon of tibialis posterior
C) lateral malleolus of the tibia
D) base of fifth metatarsal bone
E) medial malleolus of the tibia

Question 40

The most medial posterior structure(s) observed in a cross section at the level of vertebra T12 is/are the ________.

A) transverse colon
B) latissimus dorsi muscles
C) spinalis thoracis muscle
D) T12- L1 intervertebral discs
E) longissimus thoracis muscle

Question 41

The ________ is/are the largest structure(s) visible in a cross section at the level of vertebra T10.

A) right lobe of the liver
B) left lung, inferior lobe
C) cardia of the stomach
D) longissimus thoracis muscles
E) latissimus dorsi muscles

Question 42

The stomach can be seen in a cross-section at the level of vertebra L5.

Question 43

Figure 12.1

Using the above-referenced view of the lateral neck, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label C.

A) Hyoid bone
B) Site for palpation of submandibular gland
C) Acromion
D) External jugular vein
E) Clavicle

Question 44

Why is it important to know the standards for viewing cross-sectional images?

Question 45

Figure 12.1

Using the above-referenced view of the lateral neck, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label A.

A) Mandibular body
B) Angle of mandible
C) Maxilla
D) Zygomatic process
E) Mastoid process

Question 46

What is the femoral triangle and what is its clinical significance?

Question 47

Figure 12.1

Using the above-referenced view of the lateral neck, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label M.

A) Site for palpation of carotid pulse
B) Location of brachial plexus
C) Site for palpation of submandibular gland
D) External jugular vein beneath platysma
E) Thyroid cartilage

Question 48

How does the process of palpation reveal anatomical structures to the student of anatomy?

Question 49

Figure 12.1

Using the above-referenced view of the lateral neck, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label E.

A) Sternocleidomastoid muscle
B) Supraclavicular fossa
C) Trapezius muscle
D) Location of brachial pulse
E) Omohyoid muscle

Question 50

Figure 12.1

Using the above-referenced view of the lateral neck, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label D.

A) Thyroid cartilage
B) Site for palpation of carotid pulse
C) Nuchal region
D) Supraclavicular fossa
E) Site for palpation of submandibular lymph nodes

Question 51

Figure 12.1

Using the above-referenced view of the lateral neck, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label J.

A) Zygomatic process
B) Nuchal region
C) Zygomatic arch
D) Mastoid process
E) Posterior cervical triangle

Question 52

The tongue can be seen in a cross-section at the upper cervical levels.

Question 53

The trachea can be seen in a cross-section at the level of vertebra T2.

Question 54

Figure 12.1

Using the above-referenced view of the lateral neck, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label H.

A) Nuchal region
B) Sternocleidomastoid region
C) Location of brachial plexus
D) External jugular vein beneath platysma
E) Anterior cervical triangle

Question 55

How can one determine whether or not the palmaris longus muscle is present in one's forearm?

Question 56

The cecum can be seen in a cross-section at the level of vertebra T12.

Question 57

Figure 12.1

Using the above-referenced view of the lateral neck, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label I.

A) Supraclavicular notch
B) Thyroid cartilage
C) Sternocleidomastoid muscle
D) Jugular notch
E) Hyoid bone

Question 58

How are the structures of the foot and leg affected by wearing high-heeled shoes or boots? What surface anatomical structures would you expect to change when a person puts on this type of footwear?

Question 59

The heart can be seen in a cross-section at the level of vertebra T8.

Question 60

Figure 12.1

Using the above-referenced view of the lateral neck, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label K.

A) Occipital region
B) Submandibular triangle
C) Nuchal region
D) Suprahyoid triangle
E) Sternocleidomastoid region

Question 61

Figure 12.2

Using the above-referenced figure illustrating the back and shoulder regions of the thorax, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label F.

A) Infraspinatus muscle
B) Teres major muscle
C) Trapezius muscle
D) Deltoid muscle
E) Latissimus dorsi muscle

Question 62

Figure 12.2

Using the above-referenced figure illustrating the back and shoulder regions of the thorax, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label G.

A) Spine of scapula
B) Acromion
C) Vertebral border of scapula
D) Furrow over spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae
E) Vertebra prominens (C7)

Question 63

Figure 12.2

Using the above-referenced figure illustrating the back and shoulder regions of the thorax, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label M.

A) Latissimus dorsi muscle
B) Trapezius muscle
C) Infraspinatus muscle
D) Teres major muscle
E) Erector spinae muscles

Question 64

Figure 12.2

Using the above-referenced figure illustrating the back and shoulder regions of the thorax, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label D.

A) Vertebra prominens (C7)
B) Acromion
C) Inferior angle of scapula
D) Trapezius muscle
E) Vertebral border

Question 65

Figure 12.2

Using the above-referenced figure illustrating the back and shoulder regions of the thorax, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label L.

A) Deltoid muscle
B) Triceps brachii muscle
C) Teres major muscle
D) Infraspinatus muscle
E) Trapezius muscle

Question 66

Figure 12.3

Using the above-referenced anterior view of the left arm, forearm, and wrist, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label H.

A) Coracobrachialis muscle
B) Biceps brachii muscle
C) Medial epicondyle
D) Triceps brachii muscle
E) Cephalic vein

Question 67

Figure 12.2

Using the above-referenced figure illustrating the back and shoulder regions of the thorax, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label K.

A) Teres major muscle
B) Infraspinatus muscle
C) Trapezius muscle
D) Triceps brachii muscle
E) Deltoid muscle

Question 68

Figure 12.3

Using the above-referenced anterior view of the left arm, forearm, and wrist, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label D.

A) Pisiform bone
B) Site for palpation of radial pulse
C) Cephalic vein
D) Head of ulna
E) Cubital fossa

Question 69

Figure 12.3

Using the above-referenced anterior view of the left arm, forearm, and wrist, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label A.

A) Tendon of palmaris longus muscle
B) Tendon of flexor digitorum superficialis muscle
C) Tendon of brachioradialis muscle
D) Tendon of flexor carpi radialis muscle
E) Tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris muscle

Question 70

Figure 12.2

Using the above-referenced figure illustrating the back and shoulder regions of the thorax, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label O.

A) Erector spinae muscles
B) Infraspinatus muscle
C) Teres major muscle
D) Latissimus dorsi muscle
E) Furrow over spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae

Question 71

Figure 12.3

Using the above-referenced anterior view of the left arm, forearm, and wrist, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label I.

A) Median cubital vein
B) Cubital fossa
C) Triceps brachii muscle
D) Cephalic vein
E) Coracobrachialis muscle

Question 72

Figure 12.1

Using the above-referenced view of the lateral neck, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label Q.

A) Omohyoid muscle
B) Clavicle
C) Location of brachial plexus
D) Jugular notch
E) Supraclavicular fossa

Question 73

Figure 12.1

Using the above-referenced view of the lateral neck, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label N.

A) Upper thoracic region
B) Inferior carotid triangle
C) Posterior cervical triangle
D) Sternocleidomastoid region
E) Nuchal region

Question 74

Figure 12.2

Using the above-referenced figure illustrating the back and shoulder regions of the thorax, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label A.

A) Latissimus dorsi muscle
B) Triceps brachii muscle
C) Deltoid muscle
D) Biceps brachii muscle
E) Sternocleidomastoid muscle

Question 75

Figure 12.3

Using the above-referenced anterior view of the left arm, forearm, and wrist, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label F.

A) Deltoid muscle
B) Pectoralis major muscle
C) Coracobrachialis muscle
D) Latissimus dorsi muscle
E) Trapezius muscle

Question 76

Figure 12.2

Using the above-referenced figure illustrating the back and shoulder regions of the thorax, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label C.

A) Coracoid process
B) Scapular spine
C) Clavicular head of sternocleidomastoid muscle
D) Deltoid muscle
E) Acromion

Question 77

Figure 12.2

Using the above-referenced figure illustrating the back and shoulder regions of the thorax, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label E.

A) Deltoid muscle
B) Furrow over spinous processes of thoracic vertebrae
C) Acromion
D) Spine of scapula
E) Vertebra prominens (C7)

Question 78

Figure 12.3

Using the above-referenced anterior view of the left arm, forearm, and wrist, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label B.

A) Tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris muscle
B) Tendon of flexor digitorum superficialis muscle
C) Tendon of palmaris longus muscle
D) Tendon of flexor carpi radialis muscle
E) Site for palpation of radial pulse

Question 79

Figure 12.2

Using the above-referenced figure illustrating the back and shoulder regions of the thorax, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label J.

A) Triceps brachii muscle
B) Biceps brachii muscle
C) Deltoid muscle
D) Brachialis muscle
E) Brachioradialis muscle

Question 80

Figure 12.3

Using the above-referenced anterior view of the left arm, forearm, and wrist, identify the specified labeled structure(s) in each of the following questions.
Identify the structure(s) indicated by Label C.

A) Tendon of palmaris brevis muscle
B) Tendon of flexor carpi radialis muscle
C) Site for palpation of radial pulse
D) Tendon of flexor digitorum superficialis muscle
E) Tendon of flexor carpi ulnaris muscle