Deck 16: The Nervous System: The Brain and Cranial Nerves

Question 1

The septum pellucidum separates the ________.

A) fourth ventricle
B) cerebellar hemispheres
C) third ventricle
D) lateral ventricles
E) cerebral aqueducts

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Sensory and motor nuclei for which cranial nerves exist in the pons?

A) N III, N V, N VI, N VII
B) N V, N VI, N VII, N VIII
C) N III, N IV, N V, N VI
D) N VI, N VII, N VIII, N IX
E) N III, N VI, N VIII, N IX

Answer 2

B

Question 3

The reticular formation ________.

A) sets the rate of respiratory movements
B) contains nuclei and centers that help maintain consciousness
C) relays somatic information to the ventral posterior nuclei of the thalamus
D) regulates heart rate and force of contraction, and distribution of blood flow
E) relays information from the spinal cord, the red nuclei, other midbrain centers, and the cerebral cortex to the vermis of the cerebellum

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Which structure(s) of the medulla oblongata passes somatic sensory information to the thalamus?

A) olivary nuclei
B) cuneate nucleus and gracile nucleus
C) reticular formation
D) respiratory rhythmicity centers
E) cardiovascular centers

Question 5

The pia mater is anchored to the surface of the brain by the processes of which glial cells?

A) oligodendrocytes
B) astrocytes
C) ependymal cells
D) microglia
E) Schwann cells

Question 6

Which secondary brain vesicle forms the cerebrum?

A) metencephalon
B) prosencephalon
C) mesencephalon
D) telencephalon
E) myelencephalon

Question 7

Which structure is responsible for the production of cerebrospinal fluid?

A) choroid plexus
B) arachnoid granulation
C) tentorium cerebelli
D) dural sinus
E) sagittal sinus

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a function of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

A) It supports the brain.
B) It does not transport waste products.
C) It prevents contact between delicate neural structures and the surrounding bones.
D) Except at the choroid plexus, the CSF is in constant communication with the interstitial fluid of the CNS.
E) It transports nutrients and chemical messages.

Question 9

Which structure automatically adjusts motor activities on the basis of sensory information and memories of learned patterns of movement?

A) hypothalamus
B) cerebellum
C) cerebrum
D) pons
E) medulla

Question 10

The activity of which structure(s) is regulated by inputs from apneustic and pneumotaxic centers of the pons?

A) respiratory rhythmicity centers
B) olivary nuclei
C) reticular formation
D) gracile nucleus
E) cardiovascular centers

Question 11

Which structure connects the third ventricle with the fourth ventricle?

A) septum pellucidum
B) longitudinal fissure
C) cerebral aqueduct
D) hypothalamus
E) epithalamus

Question 12

In the fourth week of development, which primary brain vesicle is known as the "hindbrain?"

A) rhombencephalon
B) metencephalon
C) prosencephalon
D) myelencephalon
E) mesencephalon

Question 13

Which of these are NOT found in the medulla oblongata?

A) gracile nucleus
B) cuneate nucleus
C) pneumotaxic center
D) olivary nuclei
E) solitary nucleus

Question 14

Which fold of dura mater projects between the cerebral hemispheres in the longitudinal fissure and attaches to the crista galli, the internal occipital crest and tentorium cerebelli?

A) tentorium cerebelli
B) diaphragma sellae
C) falx cerebri
D) arachnoid granulation
E) falx cerebelli

Question 15

The ventral portion of the ________ develops into the pons, and the dorsal portion becomes the cerebellum.

A) telencephalon
B) metencephalon
C) prosencephalon
D) myelencephalon
E) mesencephalon

Question 16

Which structure contains the hypothalamus?

A) medulla oblongata
B) epithalamus
C) mesencephalon
D) pons
E) diencephalon

Question 17

The transverse sinus lies within the ________.

A) diaphragma sellae
B) falx cerebelli
C) superior sagittal sinus
D) falx cerebri
E) tentorium cerebelli

Question 18

Which of the following statements is TRUE regarding the blood-brain barrier (BBB)?

A) The endothelial cells of the BBB are extensively interconnected with tight junctions.
B) Lipid-soluble compounds can freely diffuse across the endothelial cell membranes.
C) Endothelial transport across the BBB is highly selective.
D) The endothelial cells of the BBB contain small numbers of pinocytotic vesicles.
E) All of these are characteristics of the BBB.

Question 19

The cardiovascular centers of the medulla oblongata may be subdivided into ________.

A) apneustic and pneumotaxic
B) apneustic and cardiac
C) cardiac and vasomotor
D) cardiac and pneumotaxic
E) apneustic and vasomotor

Question 20

The ________ acts as a roof over the cranial blood vessels.

A) cranial arachnoid mater
B) dura mater
C) pia mater
D) superior sagittal sinus
E) inferior sagittal sinus

Question 21

The mesencephalon contains nuclei associated with which cranial nerves?

A) N IV, V
B) N II, III
C) N II, V
D) N III, IV
E) N IV, VI

Question 22

The anterior cerebellar peduncles contain efferent tracts arising at which structure(s) ?

A) cerebellar nuclei
B) olivary nuclei
C) cerebral nuclei
D) pontine nuclei
E) medulla oblongata

Question 23

Which thalamic structure(s) relays auditory information to the auditory cortex from receptors of the inner ear?

A) ventral group
B) pulvinar nuclei
C) medial geniculate nuclei
D) lateral group
E) lateral geniculate nuclei

Question 24

This mesencephalic structure processes information from the cerebrum and cerebellum and issues involuntary motor commands that maintain muscle tone and limb position.

A) superior colliculus
B) red nucleus
C) substantia nigra
D) inferior colliculus
E) reticular formation

Question 25

The control of feeding reflexes (chewing, swallowing)is a function of which structure(s) ?

A) paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus
B) mammillary bodies
C) lateral nuclei of the thalamus
D) tuberal area of the hypothalamus
E) preoptic area of the hypothalamus

Question 26

Which thalamic structure(s) provide a conscious awareness of emotional states by connecting the basal nuclei and emotion centers in the hypothalamus with the prefrontal cortex of the cerebrum?

A) anterior nuclei
B) pulvinar nuclei
C) medial nuclei
D) lateral nuclei
E) ventral nuclei

Question 27

The preoptic area regulates body temperature via control of autonomic centers in which brain structure(s) ?

A) pons
B) thalamus
C) hypothalamus
D) cerebellum
E) septum pellucidum

Question 28

Which of the following structures secretes antidiuretic hormone?

A) supraoptic nucleus of the hypothalamus
B) tuberal nuclei of the hypothalamus
C) paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus
D) mammillary bodies
E) lateral nuclei of the thalamus

Question 29

The infundibulum connects the hypothalamus to which structure?

A) pineal gland
B) cerebellum
C) pituitary gland
D) tectum
E) cingulate gyrus

Question 30

Which of the following is a function of the substantia nigra?

A) It integrates information from the cerebrum and cerebellum and issues involuntary motor commands concerned with the maintenance of muscle tone and limb position.
B) It integrates visual information with other sensory input.
C) It regulates the motor output of the basal nuclei.
D) It initiates reflex responses to auditory stimuli.
E) It functions in the automatic processing of incoming sensations and outgoing motor commands.

Question 31

The pineal gland secretes ________.

A) serotonin
B) melanin
C) dopamine
D) acetylcholine
E) melatonin

Question 32

The ________ connect(s)the primary motor cortex with motor neurons in the brain and spinal cord, and carry(ies)ascending sensory information to the thalamus.

A) olivary nuclei
B) nucleus gracilis
C) reticular formation
D) cerebral peduncles
E) substantia nigra

Question 33

The reticular formation ________.

A) adjusts heart beat with its cardiovascular centers
B) regulates activity in the basal nuclei
C) controls background muscle tone and limb position
D) carries ascending information to the thalamus
E) integrates auditory information with medial geniculate nuclei

Question 34

The pons extends superiorly from the medulla oblongata to the ________.

A) telencephalon
B) myelencephalon
C) mesencephalon
D) diencephalon
E) metencephalon

Question 35

The ________ integrate(s)auditory information with the medial geniculate nuclei of the thalamus.

A) reticular formation
B) inferior colliculi
C) substantia nigra
D) superior colliculi
E) red nuclei

Question 36

The pons is connected to the cerebellum by how many cerebellar peduncles?

A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
E) five

Question 37

The ventral nuclei in the thalamus ________.

A) relay information to and from the basal nuclei and cerebral cortex
B) are relay stations in feedback loops that adjust activity in the cingulate gyrus and parietal lobe
C) include the pulvinar area and the geniculate nuclei
D) relay information from the hypothalamus and hippocampus to the cingulate gyrus
E) relay auditory information to the auditory cortex from the specialized receptors of the inner ear

Question 38

Which structure(s) coordinates daily cycles of activity that are linked to the day-night cycle?

A) suprachiasmatic nucleus
B) tuberal nuclei
C) supraoptic nucleus
D) paraventricular nucleus
E) preoptic area

Question 39

Oxytocin is secreted by which hypothalamic structure(s) ?

A) tuberal nuclei
B) mammillary bodies
C) suprachiasmatic nucleus
D) paraventricular nucleus
E) supraoptic nucleus

Question 40

Which structure receives visual input from the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus on the ipsilateral side?

A) red nucleus
B) substantia nigra
C) superior colliculus
D) reticular formation
E) inferior colliculus

Question 41

Which cerebellar structure is important in the maintenance of balance and the control of eye movements?

A) vermis
B) flocculonodular lobe
C) primary fissure
D) anterior lobe
E) posterior lobe

Question 42

The ________ link the cerebellum with the mesencephalon, diencephalon, and cerebrum.

A) inferior cerebellar peduncles
B) arbor vitae
C) middle cerebellar peduncles
D) tectum
E) superior cerebellar peduncles

Question 43

Which of the five cerebral lobes isthe one not visible on the surface of the brain?

A) frontal
B) temporal
C) insula
D) occipital
E) parietal

Question 44

Balance and equilibrium are functions of the ________ nerve.

A) N IX
B) N III
C) N VIII
D) N X
E) N V

Question 45

Centers in the ________ adjust and coordinate the activities of autonomic centers in other parts of the brainstem concerned with regulating heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, and digestive functions.

A) thalamus
B) epithalamus
C) hypothalamus
D) tectum
E) pineal gland

Question 46

The inferior cerebellar peduncles ________.

A) contain transverse fibers and carry communications between the cerebellum and pons
B) control physiological responses to changes in body temperature
C) link the cerebellum with the mesencephalon, the diencephalon, and the cerebrum
D) function in the subconscious coordination and control of ongoing movements of body parts
E) link the cerebellum with the medulla oblongata and spinal cord

Question 47

The cerebellum coordinates rapid, automatic adjustments that maintain balance and equilibrium; such alterations in muscle tone and position are made by modifying the activity of the ________.

A) vestibular nucleus
B) red nucleus
C) substantia nigra
D) pontine nuclei
E) solitary nucleus

Question 48

The primary gustatory cortex processes information about ________ and is located in the ________.

A) sound; cerebellum
B) taste; insula
C) taste; frontal lobe
D) smell; parietal lobe
E) smell; temporal lobe

Question 49

The occipital lobe contains (the)________.

A) tactile areas
B) visual cortex
C) auditory cortex
D) gustatory cortex
E) primary motor cortex

Question 50

The cerebellum receives proprioceptive information from which structure?

A) medulla oblongata
B) hypothalamus
C) spinal cord
D) pons
E) thalamus

Question 51

The lateral rectus muscle is innervated by which cranial nerve?

A) N VI
B) N III
C) N V
D) N II
E) N IV

Question 52

Which of the following cranial nerves have mixed sensory and motor functions?

A) N I, N III
B) N VI, N VII
C) N VIII, N XI
D) N VII, N IX
E) N II, N V

Question 53

Which part of the basal nuclei controls and adjusts muscle tone, particularly in the appendicular muscles?

A) claustrum
B) putamen
C) amygdaloid body
D) globus pallidus
E) caudate nucleus

Question 54

The mandibular branch is the largest branch of the ________ nerve.

A) trigeminal
B) vagus
C) trochlear
D) glossopharyngeal
E) hypoglossal

Question 55

When a person is walking, which structure(s) control(s)the cycles of arm and leg movements that occur between the time the decision is made to "start walking" and the time the "stop" order is given?

A) globus pallidus
B) amygdaloid body
C) claustrum and putamen
D) caudate nucleus and putamen
E) claustrum and globus pallidus

Question 56

The major pathway of communication between the right and left hemispheres is the ________.

A) projection fibers
B) longitudinal fasciculi
C) arcuate fibers
D) internal capsule
E) corpus callosum

Question 57

The precentral gyrus forms the ________.

A) primary somatosensory cortex
B) olfactory cortex
C) anterior margin of central sulcus
D) premotor cortex
E) gustatory cortex

Question 58

The jugular foramen is the site for ingress and egress of which cranial nerves?

A) N X, XI, XII
B) N VIII, IX, X
C) N VI, VII, VIII
D) N IX, X, XI
E) N VII, VIII, IX

Question 59

The primary somatosensory cortex is found in which cerebral structure?

A) frontal lobe
B) occipital lobe
C) temporal lobe
D) insula
E) parietal lobe

Question 60

In which area is the speech center (Broca's area)usually located?

A) frontal lobe
B) insula
C) occipital lobe
D) parietal lobe
E) temporal lobe

Question 61

Capillaries in the pineal gland are very permeable.

Question 62

The ________ provides taste sensations from the posterior third of the tongue and has special receptors monitoring the blood pressure and dissolved-gas concentrations within major blood vessels.

A) N VII
B) N IX
C) N XI
D) N X
E) N V

Question 63

Nuclei in the mesencephalon process visual and auditory information, coordinate and direct reflexive somatic motor responses to these stimuli.

Question 64

Cranial nerves that distribute autonomic fibers to peripheral ganglia include ________.

A) N I, III, VI, IX
B) N IV, V, VIII, X
C) N III, VII, IX, X
D) N VIII, XI, XII
E) N VI, VIII, X, XI

Question 65

Which is the only cranial nerve that innervates visceral organs in the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities?

A) N X
B) N V, VII
C) N VII
D) N XII
E) N X, XII

Question 66

In which ways do the olfactory nerves (N I)differ from the other cranial nerves?

A) They do not differ from the other cranial nerves in any significant way.
B) Their cell bodies are located in the geniculate ganglion.
C) They are the only cranial nerves that are attached directly to the cerebrum.
D) They contain somatic motor as well as autonomic components.
E) Their axons are the only ones that pass through the hypoglossal canal.

Question 67

The cerebellar cortex contains huge highly branched Purkinje cells.

Question 68

Wernicke's area is the motor speech area of the frontal lobe.

Question 69

The external branch of ________ controls the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles of the neck and back.

A) N VI
B) N XII
C) N VII
D) N XI
E) N IV

Question 70

The medulla oblongata physically connects the brain with the spinal cord.

Question 71

The premotor cortex is located immediately anterior to the primary motor cortex.

Question 72

The middle cerebellar peduncles are connected to the transverse fibers of the pons across its posterior surface.

Question 73

The cranial dura mater consists of three fibrous layers.

Question 74

Which cranial nerves have special sensory functions?

A) N III, IV, VI
B) N V, VI, VII
C) N I, II, VIII
D) N III, VII, IX
E) N IV, V, VI

Question 75

The thalamus on each side bulges laterally away from the fourth ventricle and anteriorly toward the cerebrum.

Question 76

Compare and contrast epidural and subdural hemorrhages.

Question 77

Each side of the mesencephalon contains a pair of nuclei, the red nucleus and the substantia nigra.

Question 78

The two cerebral hemispheres have some functional differences, although anatomically they appear to be identical.

Question 79

The facial nerve consists only of sensory fibers.

Question 80

Swelling of the jugular vein as it leaves the skull could compress which of the following cranial nerves?

A) N I, IV, V
B) N IX, X, XI
C) N V, VII
D) N VIII, IX, XII
E) N II, IV, VI