Deck 11: The Policy Analysis Process: Analysis of Values

Question 1

According to Priester, equitable access to health care:

A) extends only to legal U.S. residents.
B) means that everyone should have access to all available care.
C) emphasizes the autonomy of the provider.
D) could be described more as a floor than as a ceiling.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

In a recent survey, health industry leaders ranked _____ as the number one area of innovation based on its/their potential impact on quality and cost over the next five years.

A) data analytics
B) disease management
C) process improvement
D) electronic medical records

Answer 2

C

Question 3

Which of the following is a major difficulty with electronic patient records?

A) Time to practice with them
B) The possibility of security breaches
C) Incorporating their use into billing
D) The difficulty in using the data

Answer 3

B

Question 4

From the perspective of the provider, informed consent:

A) opens up new avenues for treatment and research.
B) is optional, but is often sought anyway.
C) is a constraint.
D) increases efficiency.

Question 5

Overeating and poor nutrition are:

A) lifestyle choices that contribute to a significant portion of health care costs.
B) both decreasing in the United States, leading to decreasing health care costs.
C) genetic issues that require further research.
D) less significant than other health risk factors, such as lack of exercise or not wearing a seat belt.

Question 6

Gerald lives near a busy street with no sidewalks, and when he runs errands he is more likely to drive his car than to walk or bike. His choice of transportation is most likely influenced by which of the following?

A) His lack of personal fortitude
B) His built environment
C) The lawmakers in his state
D) His ability to access quality health care

Question 7

A key element for health care reform is balancing personal responsibility with:

A) provider autonomy.
B) an acceptable level of government handouts.
C) the environment.
D) social responsibility.

Question 8

The benchmarks suggested by Daniels for ethical analysis of health system transformations include examining their effects on which of the following?

A) Equity
B) Efficiency
C) Accountability
D) All of the above

Question 9

Measures of outcomes that focus on issues such as willingness to pay and contribution to GDP:

A) represent the public's interests in the long run.
B) are supported by many social welfare advocates.
C) are economic approaches.
D) do not take into account social costs.

Question 10

One argument against economic models that use QALY metrics is that they discriminate against:

A) the elderly.
B) those with AIDS.
C) some minority populations.
D) people living in poverty.

Question 11

Rationing systems are designed to:

A) maximize access.
B) take patients' lifestyle choices into account.
C) minimize costs.
D) withhold services when resources are limited.

Question 12

In order to achieve true process equity, it is vital to determine the issues that are important to:

A) those groups that did not participate in the policy-making process.
B) the federal government.
C) each particular racial and ethnic group.
D) the state and local governments that must implement the changes.

Question 13

Which of the following is a major drawback to Americans' increased consciousness about health and health care issues?

A) It causes growth in the medical field to stagnate.
B) It discourages technological advancement.
C) It creates demand where there is little need, diverting resources away from issues where there is greater need.
D) It causes people to continue their unhealthy lifestyle choices.

Question 14

Which of the following is TRUE of pharmaceutical advertising in the United States?

A) Pharmaceutical advertising is on the decline.
B) The amount of medication taken by citizens is declining, resulting in an increase in pharmaceutical advertising.
C) Pharmaceutical companies may advertise on TV but not on billboards.
D) Pharmaceutical companies can advertise directly to consumers.

Question 15

Which of the following involves the comparison of two different effects of an alternative decision?

A) Scenario assessment
B) Trade-off analysis
C) Vision implementation
D) Scenario modeling

Question 16

Comparing the status quo with extreme scenarios is a way to:

A) raise money.
B) elect new leaders.
C) rely on the free market.
D) push the policy envelope.

Question 17

Which of the following change scenarios would remove provider incentives for overutilization?

A) Extrapolating from current trends
B) Extreme reliance on the free market
C) Extreme industrialization
D) A national economic crisis resulting in major tax code reform

Question 18

In which scenario would firms likely try to seek protection from cost-reduction pressures?

A) Extrapolating from current trends
B) Extreme reliance on the free market
C) Extreme industrialization
D) A national economic crisis resulting in major tax code reform

Question 19

Which of the following is the centerpiece of the Emanuel-Fuchs proposal?

A) A health care voucher for everyone younger than age 65
B) Reduction in the cost of malpractice insurance
C) Global budgeting of hospitals and other institutions
D) No-fault health insurance with tiered premiums

Question 20

The "zero-sum" approach emphasizes minimizing waste in order to enhance value for consumers.

Question 21

Many policy makers look to shift costs onto those who are likely to heavily use health care due to lifestyle choices.

Question 22

Although most professions have an ethical code, all of a profession's positions with regard to ethics are not necessarily incorporated into the code.

Question 23

According to Daniels, several models are available for measuring ethical considerations in health system transformations.

Question 24

The rationing of organs for transplant is based primarily on the severity of illness of the potential recipient.

Question 25

A key problem with the social welfare criterion is that it is virtually impossible to come to an agreement on the importance of each of the issues involved.

Question 26

Although the UNOS guidelines emphasize that length of time on the waiting list and the probability of a positive outcome are major determinants in allocating organs for transplant, a major determinant is the patient's ability to pay for the procedure.

Question 27

Single-event estimates are a reliable predictor of overall outcome.

Question 28

Comparing the offsetting effects of an alternative decision does not necessarily reveal unintended consequences.

Question 29

Wider disease-specific catchment areas are a proposed solution to the trade-off of investment driven by utilization growth versus certificate of need.

Question 30

The Emanuel-Fuchs proposal would require a new system of federal and regional boards to provide accountability.