Deck 17: Fitness Changes During Adolescence

Question 1

During adolescence, physical activity levels are associated with:

A) One's gender
B) One's socioeconomic status
C) The activity level of significant others
D) All of these are correct.
E) None of these is correct.

Answer 1

D

Question 2

"Interrater" reliability is to _______ as "intrarater" reliability is to _______.

A) Consistency; objectivity
B) Objectivity; consistency
C) Research; assumption
D) Assumption; research
E) None of these is correct.

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Of the following physical fitness tests, which represents the best field data available in the United States in terms of validity of the sample and reliability of the data?

A) National Children and Youth Fitness Study
B) National Council for Youth Services Study
C) The President's Challenge
D) Fitnessgram
E) AAHPERD Youth Fitness Test

Answer 3

A

Question 4

Problems in sampling and data collection techniques for large-scale fitness testing include:

A) Degree of motivation of different groups tested
B) Geographical representation
C) Rural vs. urban settings
D) Degree of motivation of different groups tested and rural vs. urban settings
E) All of these are correct.

Question 5

Those fitness components that are related to the overall health of the individual and subject to high levels of improvement with exercise include all of the following, except:

A) Aerobic endurance
B) Muscular power
C) Muscular strength/endurance
D) Body composition
E) Joint flexibility

Question 6

On the average, males tend to plateau on tests of VO2 max after age 16. The most likely implication of this finding is that the average teenage male has:

A) Decreased vital capacity
B) Increased lean muscle mass
C) Increased tidal volume
D) A more active lifestyle
E) A more sedentary lifestyle

Question 7

Although measuring VO2 max is the preferred method of determining aerobic capacity, which field test is most often used to estimate aerobic endurance?

A) 600-meter run
B) 1-mile run
C) 12-minute run
D) 15-minute run
E) 3-mile run

Question 8

When field testing aerobic endurance, which of the following is not one of the findings?

A) Males and females both improve at a near parallel rate.
B) Males are faster than females at all ages.
C) Males continue to improve until early adulthood.
D) Females regress and plateau from mid-adolescence onward.
E) Males show rapid yearly increments until late adolescence.

Question 9

Which of the following is true with regard to abdominal strength and endurance of the average female?

A) Females improve at a more rapid rate than males.
B) Females tend to plateau in performance during late childhood.
C) Females tend to plateau in performance during early adulthood.
D) Females are comparable to males in abdominal strength and endurance prior to puberty.
E) Females are comparable to males throughout puberty.

Question 10

The flexed arm hang represents a measurement of:

A) Isotonic muscular strength/endurance
B) Isokinetic muscular strength/endurance
C) Isotonic muscular power
D) Isometric muscular strength/endurance
E) Isometric muscular power

Question 11

A sit-and-reach task provides an estimate of:

A) Dynamic balance
B) Muscular power
C) Muscular endurance
D) Static balance
E) Joint flexibility

Question 12

Which of the following is true with regard to muscular strength and endurance in males?

A) Males tend to peak at the onset of puberty and regress slightly by the end of this period.
B) Males tend to plateau in performance during mid-adolescence.
C) Males demonstrate slow gains prior to puberty followed by rapid gains throughout adolescence.
D) Males improve at a less rapid rate than females.
E) Males outperform females only from mid-adolescence onward.

Question 13

When relative strength is compared between males and females during adolescence, which of the following is true?

A) Males are stronger than females.
B) Females are stronger than males.
C) It changes throughout adolescence and adulthood.
D) There is no consistency in data between the sexes.
E) No significant differences exist between the sexes.

Question 14

Which of the following statements does not represent the findings of research related to aerobic endurance with adolescents as measured by a 1-mile walk/run test?

A) Males and females both improve at a near parallel.
B) Males are faster than females at all ages.
C) Males continue to improve until late adolescence.
D) Females continue to improve from mid-adolescence onward.
E) Males show rapid yearly increments until late adolescence.

Question 15

Body composition is a major marker of health-related fitness. All of the following are body composition measures, except:

A) Air displacement plethysmography
B) Bioelectrical impedance
C) Skinfold measurements
D) Muscle biopsy
E) Body mass index

Question 16

Which of the following may be a reason for a drop-off in sit-and-reach scores in males around age 12?

A) Lack of exercise
B) Lack of proper stretching exercise
C) Excessive exercises
D) Poor diet and nutrition
E) Prepubertal growth spurt where bones grow faster than muscles and tendons

Question 17

Those fitness components that are genetically dependent, resistant to major environmental modifications, and relatively stable include all of the following, except:

A) Speed
B) Muscular power
C) Agility
D) Joint flexibility
E) Balance

Question 18

Which of the following statements does not represent the findings of research related to joint flexibility with adolescents as measured by a sit-and-reach test?

A) Females outperform males at all ages.
B) Females make yearly incremental improvements until late adolescence.
C) Males make yearly incremental improvements throughout adolescence.
D) Males regress during early adolescence followed by rapid improvement.
E) Males are less flexible than females at all ages.

Question 19

Which two methods of estimating percentage body fat are most preferred in the field?

A) Hydrostatic weighing, bioelectrical impedance
B) Hydrostatic weighing, skinfold calipers
C) Hydrostatic weighing, body mass index
D) Skinfold calipers, body mass index
E) Bioelectrical impedance, body mass index

Question 20

Which of the following statements does not represent the findings of research related to body composition with adolescents as measured by skinfold measurements?

A) Females experience a steady increase in body fat throughout adolescence.
B) Females have a higher percentage body fat than males at all ages.
C) Female body fat percentages increase rapidly during early and mid-adolescence followed by a plateau in late adolescence.
D) Males increase in percentage body fat during late childhood and the preadolescent period.
E) Males decrease in percentage body fat during early adolescence and maintain low fat levels throughout adolescence.

Question 21

According to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, approximately what percentage of adolescents (age 12-19 years) are classified as obese?

A) 5
B) 10
C) 15
D) 20
E) 25

Question 22

Male body fat percentages _______ during the preadolescent period, _______ sharply at puberty, and _______ throughout adolescence.

A) Increase; decrease; increase
B) Increase; decrease; level off
C) Decrease; increase; level off
D) Decrease; increase; decrease
E) Decrease; decrease; increase

Question 23

Which of the following is not a component of performance-related fitness?

A) Speed
B) Power
C) Joint flexibility
D) Agility
E) Balance

Question 24

A performance-related component of fitness is to _______ as a health-related component of fitness is to _______.

A) Speed; balance
B) Agility; balance
C) Balance; flexibility
D) Endurance; power
E) Aerobic endurance; body composition

Question 25

Differences between males and females on measures of health-related and performance-related fitness components may be due to:

A) Anatomical differences
B) Physiological differences
C) Sociocultural factors
D) Anatomical differences and physiological differences
E) All of these are correct.

Question 26

Upper extremity muscular power is to lower extremity muscular power as:

A) Throwing for distance is to jumping for distance
B) Hand grip dynamometer is to Wingate
C) Hand cycle ergometer is to long jump
D) Throwing for speed is to jumping for height
E) None of these is correct.

Question 27

With regard to movement speed, which of the following is not true?

A) Boys and girls are similar throughout childhood.
B) Boys outperform girls at all ages.
C) Females make more rapid improvements after puberty than males.
D) Males make significant annual gains throughout childhood.
E) Females tend to plateau in mid-adolescence.

Question 28

Which of the following does not explain the tendency of females to regress on measures of jumping for distance?

A) Lack of motivation
B) Increasingly sedentary lifestyles
C) Changes in body proportions
D) Higher centers of gravity
E) Low levels of circulating androgens

Question 29

Jumping for distance represents a movement task that may provide a rough estimate of an individual's:

A) Aerobic endurance
B) Muscular endurance
C) Joint flexibility
D) Muscular power
E) Body composition

Question 30

Which of the following statements does not represent the findings of research related to upper and lower trunk muscular power with adolescents as measured by jumping for distance and height and throwing for distance?

A) When jumping for distance boys and girls are similar throughout childhood.
B) When jumping for height boys slightly outperform girls during childhood, but the gap widens significantly at male puberty.
C) When throwing for distance males make significant annual increments throughout adolescence.
D) When throwing for distance females begin to plateau during early adolescence and regress by mid-adolescence.
E) When jumping for distance boys slightly outperform girls during childhood, but the gap narrows following puberty.

Question 31

During childhood, females tend to outperform males on measures of:

A) Static balance
B) Dynamic balance
C) Agility
D) Static balance and dynamic balance
E) Static balance and agility

Question 32

During which life period do females tend to outperform males on measures of both static and dynamic balance?

A) Infancy
B) Childhood
C) Early adolescence
D) Late adolescence
E) Adulthood

Question 33

Beam walking represents a task that gives an indication of an individual's:

A) Agility
B) Speed
C) Dynamic balance
D) Muscular power
E) Static balance