Deck 10: Childhood Growth and Development

Question 1

During the early childhood period, muscle mass comprises approximately _______ of total body weight in the average child.

A) 15%
B) 20%
C) 25%
D) 30%
E) 35%

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The protruding abdomen characteristic of infancy has generally disappeared by age:

A) Two
B) Three
C) Four
D) Five
E) Six

Answer 2

C

Question 3

The total amount of weight gained from 2 to 6 years of age is generally:

A) Less than that gained during the first year
B) More than that gained during the first year
C) Doubled during this period
D) Tripled during this period
E) Dependent on height gained

Answer 3

A

Question 4

The average annual gain in height from early childhood to puberty is about:

A) 1 inch per year
B) 2 inches per year
C) 3 inches per year
D) 4 inches per year
E) 5 inches per year

Question 5

In terms of height, birth length is doubled by:

A) Age 1
B) Age 2
C) Age 3
D) Age 4
E) Age 5

Question 6

Myelination is generally complete:

A) In utero
B) By the end of infancy
C) By the end of early childhood
D) By the end of adolescence
E) Myelination is a lifelong process, and therefore, never complete.

Question 7

Brain growth, in terms of the cerebral cortex, is generally complete by:

A) Birth
B) Age 2
C) Age 4
D) Age 6
E) Age 8

Question 8

In terms of fine and gross motor control during the early childhood period:

A) Fine motor control precedes gross motor control.
B) Gross motor control precedes fine motor control.
C) Both gross and fine motor control proceed at the same developmental rate.
D) Both fine and gross motor control is superior in males.
E) Both fine and gross motor control is superior in females.

Question 9

During the period of early childhood, annual weight gains average about¬:

A) 1 pound
B) 2 pounds
C) 3 pounds
D) 4 pounds
E) 5 pounds

Question 10

The period of early childhood is characterized by:

A) Rapid growth
B) Several growth spurts
C) Slow, steady growth
D) Extreme variability among children
E) Changes in somatotype

Question 11

Average height and weight gain per year from childhood to the onset of puberty is on the average:

A) 3 inches; 6 pounds, respectively
B) 2 inches; 5 pounds, respectively
C) 2 inches; 7 pounds, respectively
D) 5 inches; 2 pounds, respectively
E) 1 inch; 2 pounds, respectively

Question 12

Myelination is largely complete by:

A) Birth
B) Early childhood
C) Later childhood
D) Early adulthood
E) Later adulthood

Question 13

The brain is about 75 percent of its adult weight by what age?

A) 1 year
B) 3 years
C) 5 years
D) 7 years
E) 9 years

Question 14

In terms of affective development the preschool age child is generally:

A) Egocentric
B) A "team" player
C) Socialized completely
D) In-tune with the needs of others
E) Similar to that of an adult

Question 15

The developmental movement program for preschoolers should be:

A) Need based
B) Fun
C) Developmentally appropriate
D) All of these are correct.
E) Need based and developmentally appropriate only

Question 16

Play:

A) Is the primary mode by which children learn about their bodies and movement capabilities
B) Serves as an important means of developing both fine and gross motor skills
C) Serves as a vital means by which higher cognitive structures are gradually developed
D) All of these are correct.
E) Is the primary mode by which children learn about their bodies and movement capabilities and serves as an important means of developing both fine and gross motor skills only

Question 17

Girls tend to be taller and weigh more than boys during:

A) Infancy
B) Early childhood
C) Preadolescence
D) Late adolescence
E) Childhood

Question 18

During the early childhood period, children on the average range from ______ to _______ inches in height, and weigh from_____ to ______ pounds.

A) 28-42; 20-48
B) 33-47; 25-53
C) 38-52; 30-58
D) 43-58; 35-63
E) 47-62; 50-74

Question 19

On the average, the prepubertal growth spurt in North America begins by age_____ in females, and age _____ in males.

A) 6; 8
B) 8; 10
C) 10; 12
D) 12; 14
E) 16; 16

Question 20

Differences in the growth patterns for male and female height and weight during later childhood:

A) Are dramatic
B) Are minimal
C) Favor boys at all ages
D) Favor girls at all ages
E) None of these is correct.

Question 21

During later childhood annual height gains average:

A) 1 to 2 inches per year
B) 2 to 3 inches per year
C) 3 to 4 inches per year
D) 4 to 5 inches per year
E) 5 to 6 inches per year

Question 22

During later childhood annual weight gains average:

A) 1 to 2 lbs per year
B) 2 to 4 lbs per year
C) 3 to 6 lbs per year
D) 4 to 8 lbs per year
E) 6 to 10 lbs per year

Question 23

Which of the following is a cause or characteristic of rickets?

A) Vitamin B12 deficiency
B) Vitamin C deficiency
C) Vitamin D deficiency
D) Skin lesions, gastrointestinal problems, and mitosal and neurologic symptoms
E) Loss of energy, joint pains, anemia, and a tendency toward epiphyseal fractures

Question 24

Vitamin D deficiency is to _____, as vitamin B12 deficiency is to _____.

A) Scurvy; pellagra
B) Kwashiorkor; rickets
C) Rickets; scurvy
D) Rickets; pellagra
E) Kwashiorkor; scurvy

Question 25

The effects of chronic malnutrition are most serious during:

A) Infancy and early childhood
B) Early-childhood and later childhood
C) Later-childhood and adolescence
D) Adolescence and adulthood
E) Puberty

Question 26

A physique that is soft and rounded in physical features is called:

A) Plyomorphic
B) Mesomorphic
C) Ectomorphic
D) Endomorphic
E) Circumorphic

Question 27

Endomorphic is to _____, as ectomorphic is to _____.

A) Pear shaped; angular shaped
B) Angular shaped; V shaped
C) V shaped; pear shaped
D) Angular shaped; pear shaped
E) Pear shaped; V shaped

Question 28

"Swimmer's shoulder," "tennis elbow," and "runner's knee" are examples of:

A) Overuse injuries
B) Under training
C) Exceeding developmental limits
D) All of these are correct.
E) Only overuse injuries and exceeding developmental limits

Question 29

Muscles that are used will:

A) Increase the number of muscle fibers
B) Atrophy
C) Regenerate
D) Hypertrophy
E) Undergo no changes

Question 30

Which of the following characterizes the endomorphic physique?

A) Linear physique
B) Muscular physique
C) Rounded physique
D) Angular physique
E) Sheldon score of 7-1-1

Question 31

Which of the following characterizes the ectomorphic physique?

A) Linear physique
B) Muscular physique
C) Rounded physique
D) Angular physique
E) Sheldon score of 7-1-1

Question 32

Which of the following characterizes the mesomorphic physique?

A) Linear physique
B) Muscular physique
C) Rounded physique
D) Angular physique
E) Sheldon score of 7-1-1

Question 33

Of the following, which is not a negative effect of extreme exercise in children during later childhood?

A) Swimmer's shoulder
B) Stress fractures
C) Runners knee
D) Bone growth retardation
E) Bone mineralization

Question 34

Growth plate injuries:

A) Are rare in children
B) May retard bone growth
C) Are the result of disuse
D) Are easy to predict
E) Are more prevalent in females than males

Question 35

One's physique is influenced by a variety of factors as determined by:

A) Extent of training
B) Timing of training
C) Duration of training
D) Genetics
E) All of these are correct.

Question 36

The extent to which illness and disease may retard growth depends on:

A) Age of the individual when affected
B) The severity of the illness or disease
C) How long the individual was sick
D) Age of the individual when affected and the severity of the illness or disease only
E) All of these are correct.

Question 37

Which of these reflects the tendency for children to be taller, heavier, and more mature at an earlier age than children one or more generations ago?

A) Early maturation rate
B) Negative secular trend
C) Positive secular trend
D) Prepubertal status
E) Unbalanced secular distribution

Question 38

Secular trends in height, weight, and sexual maturation in the past 20 years are probably due largely to:

A) Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)
B) Use of illegal steroids
C) Peaking of improved nutritional and health conditions
D) Bone growth due to strength training
E) All of these are correct.

Question 39

"Secular trends" is a term used to refer to:

A) Sex differences in growth
B) Generational differences in growth
C) Positive changes in growth
D) Familiar differences in growth
E) Negative changes in growth