Deck 8: Rudimentary Movement Abilities

Question 1

The most basic of the three categories of movement is:

A) Locomotion
B) Manipulation
C) Stability
D) All of these are correct.
E) Mobility

Answer 1

C

Question 2

The rudimentary movement phase begins:

A) After the reflex phase has been completed
B) During the early childhood period
C) In utero
D) At conception
E) To inhibit reflexive activity

Answer 2

E

Question 3

The "reflex inhibition stage":

A) Is the same as the preinitial stage
B) Is the same as the precontrol stage
C) Encompasses most of the first year following birth
D) Encompasses most of the second year following birth
E) All of these are correct.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Movement of the child from the "reflex inhibition stage" to the "precontrol stage" is largely dependent upon:

A) Opportunity for practice
B) Instruction
C) Gender
D) Myelination
E) All of these are correct.

Question 5

The "reflex inhibition stage" essentially begins at the:

A) Birth
B) End of first month
C) End of second month
D) End of third month
E) End of fourth month

Question 6

The ________of infant motor development is predictable, but the ______ is variable.

A) Pace; sequence
B) Sequence; rate
C) Pace; state
D) Rate; pace
E) Rate; sequence

Question 7

Researchers have used a miniaturized treadmill to help infants with Down syndrome walk sooner by eliciting which of the following reflexes?

A) Crawling reflex
B) Palmer mandibular reflex
C) Babinski reflex
D) Stepping reflex
E) Creeping reflex

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true regarding rudimentary movements?

A) They represent involuntary movements
B) They represent the initial attempts at voluntary movements
C) They begin around the first year after birth
D) They are skillful in nature
E) They begin to appear around the second prenatal month

Question 9

Which of the following does not represent a rudimentary movement?

A) Catching a ball
B) Walking while holding on to furniture for stability
C) Rolling over from front to back
D) Lifting head
E) Reaching for a baby rattle

Question 10

Early motor development is a function of many factors. Which of the following is not one of those factors?

A) Neurological maturation
B) Task
C) Gender
D) Environment
E) Individual

Question 11

The development of rudimentary movement abilities:

A) Occurs independently
B) Occurs interdependently
C) Is environmentally influenced
D) Occurs independently and is environmentally influenced
E) Occurs interdependently and is environmentally influenced

Question 12

The three functional categories of movement are:

A) Crawling, creeping, walking
B) Stability, locomotion, manipulation
C) Control of head, neck, and trunk; sitting and standing
D) Creeping, walking, running
E) All of these are correct.

Question 13

Early enrichment seems to influence later development. Which is not a component of early enrichment?

A) Type
B) Timing
C) Degree
D) Duration
E) Gender

Question 14

Environmental factors:

A) Have little or no influence on the rate of acquisition of rudimentary movement abilities
B) Can enhance or inhibit the rate of acquisition of rudimentary movement abilities
C) Such as early enrichment of the infant's movement experiences have little or no effect on the sequence of skill acquisition
D) Probably have little or no impact on later development
E) Can enhance the rate of acquisition of movement abilities only

Question 15

If the sequence of infant motor development is predetermined:

A) Then it is safe to assume that development during infancy is phylogenetic
B) Then it is safe to assume that experience has little or no influence on later development
C) Then we must also be aware of the extent, timing, and duration of enrichment offered
D) Then ontogeny is the primary factor operating during infancy
E) Then intervention programs have little value

Question 16

Sequential development of stability abilities during infancy is largely dependent on the concept of:

A) Proximodistal development
B) Individual differences
C) Atrophy
D) Cephalocaudal development
E) Procreational recreational enhancement

Question 17

The struggle against the force of gravity to achieve and maintain an upright posture is known as:

A) Stability
B) Manipulation
C) Instability
D) Locomotion
E) Motion

Question 18

The most basic form of movement, which the infant must bring under control is:

A) Locomotion
B) Stability
C) Manipulation
D) Bowel and bladder control
E) Walking

Question 19

When sitting without support, the 10- to 12-month-old infant:

A) Generally needs outside assistance
B) Has definite lumbar support
C) Does not display lumbar support
D) Is unable to maintain that posture for more than a few minutes
E) Can not turn without falling

Question 20

After birth, a baby will gain control of the head and neck, then the trunk, followed by the legs. This is an example of what type of development?

A) Proximodistal development
B) Cephalocaudal development
C) Primary development
D) Fundamental development
E) Superior-inferior development

Question 21

The first voluntary attempts at standing occur around the _____ month, while the onset of an erect standing posture normally occurs around the _____ month.

A) Fifth; twelfth
B) Seventh; ninth
C) Sixth; ninth
D) Fourth; tenth
E) Fifth; ninth

Question 22

Which of the following is the most basic of the three categories of movement, because it is involved in all voluntary movement?

A) Control of the head and neck
B) Stability
C) Locomotion
D) Manipulation
E) Neuromuscular control

Question 23

An infant should be able to lift the head off the ground when in the supine position by which month?

A) Second
B) Sixth
C) Fifth
D) First
E) Fourth

Question 24

The steps in the developmental sequence of rudimentary stability movements are represented by which of the following?

A) Reaching, grasping, releasing
B) Grasping, reaching, releasing
C) Head control, neck control, sitting, standing
D) Crawling, creeping, walking with support, walking independently
E) Standing, sitting, neck control, head control

Question 25

The onset of independent walking is least influenced by:

A) Physique
B) Environmental conditions
C) Specific task requirements
D) Chronological age
E) Practice

Question 26

Generally speaking, the first crawling actions are:

A) Homolateral
B) Contralateral
C) Cross-diagonal
D) Bilateral
E) Unilateral

Question 27

The steps in the developmental sequence of rudimentary locomotor movements are represented by which of the following?

A) Reaching, grasping, releasing
B) Grasping, reaching, releasing
C) Head control, neck control, sitting, standing
D) Crawling, creeping, walking with support, walking independently
E) Standing, sitting, neck control, head control

Question 28

The steps in the developmental sequence of rudimentary manipulative movements are represented by which of the following:

A) Reaching, grasping, releasing
B) Grasping, reaching, releasing
C) Head control, neck control, sitting, standing
D) Crawling, creeping, walking with support, walking independently
E) Standing, sitting, neck control, head control

Question 29

Of the following, which is not an element of grasping?

A) Eats with assistance
B) Pincer grasp
C) Voluntary grasp
D) Reflexive grasp
E) Controlled grasp

Question 30

Public law 99-457 mandated early intervention for which of the following?

A) Unborn babies
B) All infants and toddlers
C) Infants and toddlers with disabilities
D) Elementary-aged children
E) Secondary-aged youth

Question 31

IFSP stands for which of the following?

A) Industrial Facility Standards Program
B) Individualized Family Services Plan
C) Individuals For Special Programs
D) Incorporating Familiar School Programs
E) Intervention For Special Persons

Question 32

Researchers have used what early intervention technique to facilitate the onset of independent walking in infants with Down syndrome?

A) Bicycling
B) Swimming
C) Treadmill
D) Tricycle
E) Scooters/skateboards

Question 33

Symptoms of hyponatremia include all of the following, except:

A) Lethargy
B) Weakness
C) Nausea and vomiting
D) Severe and prolonged diarrhea
E) Coma and death

Question 34

Giardia is:

A) Water intoxication
B) Water phobia
C) Symptoms which occur after swallowing of chlorinated water
D) An intestinal parasite
E) A swimming stroke

Question 35

Hyponatremia is a rare but serious condition activated by swallowing excessive amounts of water, which reduces the body's what?

A) Serum sodium levels
B) Phosphorus levels
C) Magnesium levels
D) Manganese levels
E) Iron levels