Deck 5: Prenatal Factors Affecting Development

Question 1

Which of these describes when the expectant mother has a medical condition before or during pregnancy that increases her unborn child's chances of experiencing prenatal or postnatal problems?

A) Low-risk pregnancy
B) Ectopic pregnancy
C) Normal pregnancy
D) High-risk pregnancy
E) Moderate-risk pregnancy

Answer 1

D

Question 2

Of the following, which is not a circumstance that influences the probability of teratogenic effects?

A) Malnutrition
B) Sleep
C) Chemical abuse
D) Period of pregnancy
E) Genetic factors of fetus

Answer 2

B

Question 3

A "teratogen" is:

A) An eight-sided geometric shape commonly used in infant play
B) Any substance capable of causing abnormal fetal development
C) Any substance capable of causing abnormal development following birth
D) A type of antigen
E) All of these are correct.

Answer 3

B

Question 4

Prenatal malnutrition may take all of the following forms, except:

A) Maternal malnutrition
B) Uterine malnutrition
C) Placental malnutrition
D) Fetal malnutrition
E) All of these are correct.

Question 5

Maternal weight gain at the time of delivery is generally recommended to be about:

A) 5-8 lbs.
B) 10-18 lbs.
C) 20-28 lbs.
D) 30-38 lbs.
E) 40-48 lbs.

Question 6

Of the following, which is not a reason for maternal malnourishment?

A) Medical care
B) Poor eating habits
C) Poverty
D) Socioeconomic status
E) Anxiety

Question 7

The leading causes of infant mortality include all of the following, except:

A) Congenital malformations
B) Low birth weight
C) Maternal complications
D) Unintentional injuries
E) Prenatal cancer

Question 8

Which of these is any substance that may cause an unborn child to develop in an abnormal manner?

A) Malignancy
B) Placental factor
C) Teratogen
D) Phenylketonuria
E) Talipes

Question 9

If the supply and transport of nutrients from the placenta to the fetus does not occur, then ________will result?

A) Placental malnutrition
B) Fetal malnutrition
C) Maternal malnutrition
D) Childhood malnutrition
E) Postnatal malnutrition

Question 10

Pregnant women who receive adequate levels of folic acid in their diet prior to and during pregnancy reduce the chances of their newborn having which condition?

A) Fetal heart problems
B) Spina bifida
C) Limb deformities
D) Gestational diabetes
E) Low birth weight

Question 11

Drugs taken during pregnancy can affect the unborn baby by:

A) Interfering with organ growth
B) Disrupting cell differentiation
C) Causing deviations from normal development
D) Reducing the flow of oxygen and nutrients
E) All of these are correct.

Question 12

All medications administered prior to and during delivery:

A) Are safe
B) Are harmful
C) Have an impact of some form on the newborn
D) Should be avoided
E) Have no direct impact on the newborn

Question 13

Inability of the biliary ducts to excrete bilirubin efficiently may result in:

A) Limb malformations
B) Influenza
C) Jaundice
D) Seizures
E) Toxoplasmosis

Question 14

If a pregnant mother was not feeling well and took aspirin to reduce the aches, pains, and fever, possible effects on the unborn child include:

A) Water imbalance
B) Stunted skeletal and dental growth
C) Impairment of kidneys, hearing, and balance
D) Jaundice
E) Death, congenital deformities, brain damage, and/or hemorrhaging

Question 15

Of the following, which is not a factor to consider when evaluating the influence of a drug or medication on an unborn child?

A) Time of pregnancy during which it is taken
B) Dosage
C) Length of time it is taken
D) Genetic predisposition to the fetus
E) Sex of the unborn child

Question 16

A potential birth problem associated with poorly controlled diabetes include all of the following, except:

A) Hearing impairments
B) Heart problems
C) Brain defects
D) Oral clefts
E) Kidney defects

Question 17

Which of the following maternal health conditions requires some medical interventions that could have a teratogenic effect of the unborn baby?

A) Cancer
B) Seizure disorders
C) Diabetes
D) Hypertension
E) All of these are correct.

Question 18

Each year in the United States it is estimated that as many as _______ of expectant mothers use illicit drugs sometime during their pregnancies.

A) 1% or less
B) 5%
C) 10%
D) 15%
E) Over 15%

Question 19

Psychoactive drugs include all of the following, except:

A) Tobacco
B) Opiates
C) Cocaine
D) Marijuana
E) Heroin

Question 20

Pregnant women who use psychoactive drugs have a higher risk of all of the following, except:

A) Miscarriages
B) Stillbirths
C) Infant born with low birth weight
D) Infant born with visual impairment
E) Infant born with smaller head size

Question 21

Infants born to mothers who use cocaine have a higher risk of which of the following?

A) Low birth weight
B) Small head circumference
C) Low quality of reflexes
D) Neurological and cognitive deficits
E) All of these are correct.

Question 22

At the lower levels of fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD), characteristics include all of the following, except:

A) Abnormal facial features
B) Limb malformations
C) Small head size
D) Learning disabilities
E) Intellectual disability

Question 23

"Discovery" and labeling of fetal alcohol syndrome occurred in what decade?

A) 1950s
B) 1970s
C) 1960s
D) 1940s
E) 1980s

Question 24

Consumption of large quantities of alcohol by an expectant mother is likely to result in which of the following characteristics in her baby following birth:

A) Growth disorders
B) Intellectual disabilities
C) Central nervous system damage
D) Facial abnormalities
E) All of these are correct.

Question 25

Maternal smoking during pregnancy can lead to all of the following, except:

A) Low birth weight
B) Absences of limbs
C) Preterm delivery
D) Cleft lip
E) Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)

Question 26

It is estimated that as many as _______ of women in the United States smoked in the third trimester of their pregnancy.

A) 5%
B) 8%
C) 11%
D) 15%
E) 18%

Question 27

Genes determine a vast variety of individual characteristics, including:

A) Eye color
B) Hair color
C) Gender
D) Body size
E) All of these are correct.

Question 28

Spontaneous abortions are mostly the result of:

A) Factors in utero
B) Environmental factors
C) X-linked defects
D) Autosomal defects
E) Chromosomal abnormalities

Question 29

Down syndrome is a classic example of a(n):

A) Chromosomal related birth defect
B) Environmentally related birth defect
C) Alcohol-related birth defect
D) Maternal infection related birth defect
E) All of these are correct.

Question 30

The most common chromosomal alteration is:

A) Tay-Sachs disease
B) Down syndrome
C) Huntington's disease
D) Autism
E) Parkinson's disease

Question 31

Down syndrome is caused by having:

A) One #21 chromosome
B) Three #18 chromosomes
C) Three #21 chromosomes
D) One #18 chromosome
E) Three #19 chromosomes

Question 32

Which of the following conditions can have a negative effect on the overall development of children within a specific ethnic or racial group?

A) Toxoplasmosis
B) Tay-Sachs disease
C) Phenylketonuria (PKU)
D) Amniocentesis
E) Talipes

Question 33

A child with which of these conditions should not drink diet cola?

A) Rh incompatibility
B) Phenylketonuria (PKU)
C) Toxoplasmosis
D) Spina bifida
E) Anoxia

Question 34

The fetus is most vulnerable to radiation during which stage of pregnancy?

A) At birth
B) Second half
C) First trimester
D) Second trimester
E) Third trimester

Question 35

Toxoplasmosis is _________ induced and may result in severe fetal brain damage.

A) Virus
B) Gene
C) Chromosome
D) Protozoa
E) Drug

Question 36

Chlamydia may result in:

A) Prematurity
B) Stillbirths
C) Pneumonia
D) Eye infections
E) All of these are correct.

Question 37

An HIV-infected expectant mother should follow each of these procedures, except:

A) Take a prescribed combination of anti-HIV drugs during pregnancy.
B) Deliver baby by caesarean delivery.
C) Breast feed baby after birth.
D) Take anti-HIV drugs during labor and delivery.
E) Give anti-HIV drugs to baby after birth.

Question 38

All of the following are true regarding maternal syphilis results, except:

A) Not curable with antibiotics
B) Greater incidence of prematurity
C) Greater incidence of motor disabilities in infant
D) Greater incidence of sensory disabilities in infant
E) Greater incidence of cognitive disabilities in infant

Question 39

The AIDS virus may be transferred from mother to child:

A) During pregnancy
B) During childbirth
C) While breast feeding
D) All of these are correct.
E) During pregnancy and while breast feeding

Question 40

The incompatibility of blood types between mother and baby is referred to as:

A) Fetal incongruence
B) Blood rejection disease
C) Rh incompatibility
D) Transfusion unacceptability
E) Blood type rejection disorder

Question 41

Ultrasonography characteristics include all of the following, except:

A) Involves genetically altering T-cells
B) Uses high-frequency sound waves
C) Helps determine the size of the fetus
D) Helps determine the position of the fetus
E) Is used to help guide when conducting amniocentesis

Question 42

All of the following are prenatal diagnostic techniques, except:

A) Amniocentesis
B) Chorionic villus sampling
C) Fetoscopy
D) X-rays
E) Ultrasound

Question 43

Amniocentesis is a technique in which:

A) Fragments are removed from the developing placenta.
B) High-frequency sound waves are used to determine the size and structure of the fetus.
C) X-rays are used to examine the bone growth of a fetus.
D) A fine photoscope is inserted into the uterus to observe fetal development.
E) A syringe is used to sample fluid from the placenta.

Question 44

What types of exercise would be recommended for most pregnant women?

A) Running between 60-80% of VO2 max
B) Walking or gardening for 30 minutes
C) Horseback riding
D) Quick sprinting workouts lasting less than 20 minutes
E) Exercise is not recommended for pregnant women.

Question 45

The benefits of exercise for the mother include all of the following, except:

A) Improved cardiovascular fitness
B) Limited weight gain
C) More prolonged labor
D) Improvement in psychological factors
E) Improvement in emotional state

Question 46

Anoxia is considered to be a major cause of all of the following, except:

A) Intellectual impairment
B) Learning disabilities
C) Muscular dystrophy
D) Cerebral palsy
E) Perinatal death

Question 47

Characteristics of birth entry malpresentation include all of the following, except:

A) Can result in anoxia
B) Can result in cerebral palsy
C) Can result in muscular dystrophy
D) Can be breech in nature
E) Can be transverse in nature

Question 48

Which of these are used to speed delivery when the mother is pushing uncontrollably or when the infant has a week heartbeat, but misuse has led to debilitating and lethal effects on both the mother and the child?

A) Oxytocics
B) General analgesics
C) Forceps
D) Sedatives
E) Local analgesics

Question 49

The Lamaze method focuses on the _________, whereas the Leboyer method focuses on the _________.

A) Mother; father
B) Infant; mother and father
C) Mother; infant
D) Mother and father; infant
E) Doctor, infant

Question 50

The Lamaze method centers on the:

A) Baby
B) Doctors
C) Nurses
D) Parents
E) Grandparents

Question 51

The Leboyer method focuses on the:

A) Baby
B) Doctors
C) Nurses
D) Parents
E) Grandparents