Deck 11: Appendix

Question 1

The four metaparadigm concepts of nursing include which of these?

A) Wellness, individual, wholeness, and optimal function
B) Health, practice, nursing, and biology
C) Person, environment, nursing, and health
D) Science, environment, person, and wellness

Answer 1

C

Question 2

Which of the following is a philosophical orientation that takes into account the complexity of individuals?

A) Positivism
B) Empiricism
C) Contemporary empiricism
D) Postpositivism

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following studies would most likely be exempt from IRB review?

A) A study that involves taking blood samples
B) A study that involves participation in a focus group to examine attitudes toward health insurance costs
C) A study that examines weight loss among cancer patients
D) A study that assesses physical fitness and obesity risk

Answer 3

B

Question 4

A nurse meets with a patient to start setting health goals related to weight management. The nurse builds rapport and trust with the patient as they discuss different options. Which step of Peplau's interpersonal model would be accomplished during this meeting?

A) Orientation
B) Identification
C) Exploitation
D) Resolution

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of tertiary prevention in Neuman's Systems Model.

A) Screening for breast cancer
B) Providing immunizations
C) Participation in a smoking cessation support group
D) Prescribing insulin for a patient with type 1 diabetes

Question 6

Before entering the room of a patient who was recently diagnosed with breast cancer, the nurse clears the mind and prepares to listen to the patient's thoughts and concerns. Which step of phenomenologic nursology does this reflect?

A) The nurse prepares to know something or someone by opening the mind and spirit to the unknown.
B) The nurse gains knowledge of the patient through intuitive impressions and learning about the patient's experiences.
C) The nurse gains scientific knowledge of the patient by analyzing the data.
D) The nurse synthesizes the subjective and objective information to gain perspective on the situation.

Question 7

According to James P. Lewis, which of the following actions supports the formation of a learning organization?

A) Implementing a new system based on executive input
B) Making a decision based on financial outlay
C) Involving clinicians and other employees in the decision-making process
D) Negotiating contracts at the executive level

Question 8

Which of the following is one of the key advantages of systems thinking?

A) It promotes the isolation of smaller parts of the system.
B) It focuses on the desires and needs of the client.
C) It provides an opportunity to look at feedback and all interactions created by a decision.
D) It creates short-term benefits.

Question 9

According to Churchman's systems model, which of the following may include a person or thing that blocks the achievement of the objectives?

A) Client
B) Planner
C) Decision maker
D) Co-producer

Question 10

Big data can be defined by which of these?

A) Size, depth, and source
B) Volume, velocity, and variety
C) Mass, utilization, and format
D) Analytics, source, and size

Question 11

The erosion of employer-based coverage has been partially offset by increased enrollment in which of these?

A) Medicare
B) Individual insurance plans
C) Government insurance plans
D) Medicaid

Question 12

Who suggested that leadership is not a position but rather a collection of practices and behaviors?

A) Schyve
B) Forrester
C) Senge
D) Kouzes and Posner

Question 13

A nurse blames the dietary aide for giving the patient the wrong type of meal. According to Senge, which type of stance is the nurse exhibiting in this situation?

A) Reactive
B) Responsive
C) Generative
D) Reflexive

Question 14

An advanced practice leader provides a supportive outlook for both stakeholders and consumers when communicating a solution to a problem. Which essential practice of transformational leadership does this reflect?

A) Inspiring a shared vision
B) Enabling others to act
C) Modeling the way
D) Encouraging the heart

Question 15

A patient did not have blood drawn at the right time. As an advanced practice leader, you determined that the root cause of the issue was improper charting practices. According to Senge, you approached the scenario from what type of stance?

A) Reactive
B) Responsive
C) Generative
D) Reflective

Question 16

In-depth interviews are conducted with patients who have been recently diagnosed with congestive heart failure. What type of research is being conducted?

A) Historical
B) Grounded theory
C) Critical social theory
D) Phenomenological

Question 17

A study follows 50 men who were diagnosed with prostate cancer over a 10-year period. What type of study design would be involved?

A) Retrospective
B) Prospective
C) Cross-sectional
D) Longitudinal

Question 18

A new instrument is used to assess the feeding practices of new parents. Which of the following reliability scores would indicate that the instrument is reliable?

A) 0.09
B) 0.38
C) 0.62
D) 0.83

Question 19

In a study examining the correlation between depression and the presence of physical symptoms, a researcher finds that as depressive symptomology increases, the presence of physical symptoms increases. What may the correlation coefficient be?

A) 0
B) 0.65
C) -0.3
D) -1.0

Question 20

A study uses smartphones to assess pain levels before visiting with the physician. The physician reviews the results prior to meeting with the patient and uses the information to inform the visit with the patient. What type of evidence is used in this situation?

A) Evidence-based
B) Practice-based
C) Feedback-based
D) Outcome-based

Question 21

In which situation would use of a descriptive study be warranted?

A) To determine the efficacy of a drug to reduce blood pressure
B) To evaluate the relationship between physical activity and obesity risk
C) To assess attitudes toward breastfeeding in the workplace
D) To determine whether exposure to a specific toxin causes cancer

Question 22

Who suggested that evidence from randomized clinical trials should be systematically reviewed and constantly updated to afford patients the best quality care?

A) Ernest L. Boyer
B) Melanie Dreher
C) Dr. Archie Cochrane
D) Mark Edward

Question 23

Which of these describes a type of qualitative research that involves examination of how to understand reality?

A) Ontology
B) Epistemology
C) Methodology
D) Methods

Question 24

Which of the following uses multiple research methods as a basis for promoting change in areas where power imbalances exist?

A) Ethnographic research
B) Grounded theory research
C) Historical research
D) Critical social theory

Question 25

A nurse takes the blood pressure of a patient and finds that it is 110/80 mmHg. Which step of the nursing informatics meta-model does this reflect?

A) Knowledge
B) Information
C) Wisdom
D) Data

Question 26

Which of the following steps in the nursing informatics meta-model would have the least amount of complexity and the least amount of interactions and inter-relationships?

A) Data
B) Information
C) Knowledge
D) Wisdom

Question 27

Which step or steps in the meta-model for nursing informatics involves interpreting data?

A) Information
B) Data
C) Data and Information
D) Information and Knowledge

Question 28

A study uses mHealth applications to assess pain levels at various time points throughout the day. The researcher realizes that the time points are not consistent among participants. Which category would be used to describe this type of error?

A) Clinical content
B) External factors
C) People
D) Human computer interface

Question 29

In relation to Big Data, what refers to the level of uncertainty associated with data elements and their source?

A) Veracity
B) Variety
C) Velocity
D) Value

Question 30

A patient wants to be able to view, download, and transmit their health records to another healthcare provider. Which of the following programs would be most helpful to this patient?

A) My HealtheVet
B) Blue Button
C) OpenNotes
D) EasyView

Question 31

Which of the following metrics often serve as outcome metrics, but can be lagging indicators of improvement?

A) Process
B) Quality
C) Action
D) Improvement

Question 32

As an advanced practice nurse, you are involved in a number of nursing professional organizations that promote political advocacy. With which congressional staff person would you typically have the most contact?

A) Legislative assistant
B) Chief of staff
C) Senator
D) Administrative assistant

Question 33

A law is passed related to reimbursement for APRN services. Which federal agency would most likely regulate this law?

A) Department of Health and Human Services
B) Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
C) Department of Veterans Affairs
D) Armed Forces

Question 34

Which of the following focuses on the health of the individual?

A) Public policy
B) Social policy
C) Health policy
D) Community policy

Question 35

During which process can legislation be debated and amended?

A) Jurisdiction
B) Markup
C) Agency
D) Hearing

Question 36

A law is passed to an agency for regulation. What is the role of the regulatory agency?

A) To make improvements to the law
B) To interpret the law and create rules and regulations around how it is executed
C) To implement the law
D) To provide final approval of the law

Question 37

A law is passed related to reimbursement for APRN services. Which federal agency would most likely regulate this law?

A) Department of Health and Human Services
B) Department of Veterans Affairs
C) Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
D) Armed Forces

Question 38

Middle-range theories are most amenable to clinical nursing research.

Question 39

Newman's theory emphasizes the importance of providing culturally congruent care.

Question 40

The use of a systems approach to view the healthcare crisis provides the framework for seeing individual issues.

Question 41

According to David Garvin, in order to determine if an organization is ready to change, it is important to first assess the organization's culture, leadership, and tolerance for change.

Question 42

The use of a control group can reduce the presence of confounding variables.

Question 43

The three benchmark domains that must be considered when evaluating evidence include validity, reliability, and consistency.

Question 44

The purpose of nursing informatics is to combine nursing science with analytical sciences to use, process, understand, and evaluate data to inform decision making.

Question 45

The extension of Internet connectivity into physical devices and everyday objects is known as mHealth.

Question 46

The barriers of scope of practice restrictions and challenges to obtaining parity in reimbursement can be removed through political advocacy.

Question 47

During the jurisdiction process, the committee discusses flaws of the legislation.

Question 48

Which of the following is an example of using a nursing model to interact with a patient?

A) Instruct a patient with hypertension to reduce sodium intake.
B) Advise a patient who smokes to join a smoking cessation group.
C) Tell a patient who has elevated cholesterol levels to remember to take their medications.
D) Work with a patient to develop an action plan that fits their goals and lifestyle.

Question 49

Which of the following is an example of primary prevention in Neuman's Systems Model?

A) Screening for cervical cancer
B) Providing chemotherapy to a patient with breast cancer
C) Participation in a diabetes management support group
D) Prescribing statin treatment for a patient with hypertension

Question 50

Which of the following embraces soft or interpretive human sciences?

A) Empiricism
B) Postpositivism
C) Entipositivism
D) Positivism

Question 51

Which of the following practices of transformational leadership would involve experimenting with a new approach to fix an organizational problem within a healthcare system?

A) Challenging the process
B) Inspiring a shared vision
C) Enabling others to act
D) Modeling the way

Question 52

According to the systems perspective, an advanced practice leader must do which of these?

A) Look at personalities, politics, and events to better discern the processes whereby certain types of events become more likely.
B) Look at individual mistakes to understand important issues.
C) Focus internally within an organization for a body of evidence.
D) Look outside of the organization for a body of evidence to understand important issues and better understand the big picture.

Question 53

One of the key advantages of systems thinking is that it does which of these?

A) Promotes the isolation of smaller parts of the system
B) Focuses on the desires and needs of the client
C) Provides an opportunity to look at feedback and all interactions created by a decision
D) Creates short-term benefits

Question 54

In-depth interviews are conducted with women who were recently diagnosed with cervical cancer. What type of research is being conducted?

A) Historical
B) Grounded theory
C) Critical social theory
D) Phenomenological

Question 55

A researcher calculates a reliability score of 0.59 for a new instrument that assesses sleep habits. What conclusion can they draw from this finding?

A) The tool is an accurate measure of sleep habits.
B) There is consistency between raters.
C) The tool is not an accurate measure of sleep habits.
D) The tool will consistently assess sleep habits.

Question 56

Which of the following is true about quality metrics?

A) They can be lagging indicators of improvement.
B) They are the leading source of outcome metrics.
C) They result in the immediate adoption of new policies and procedures.
D) They are real-time indicators of improvement.

Question 57

A rural community has limited access to health care. Which type of consumer health technology would be most helpful for the community?

A) Personal health records
B) Telehealth
C) Mobile health
D) Internet of Things

Question 58

An example of knowledge in the nursing informatics meta-model would include which of these?

A) The user interface
B) Data exchange
C) Interpret and represent data
D) Evaluate clinical applications

Question 59

Which regulatory agency was responsible for determining Medicare reimbursement in the late 1980s?

A) Health Care Financing Administration
B) National Nursing Coalition
C) Department of Health, Regulation, and Welfare
D) National Advisory Council

Question 60

Which of the following are the steps included in the four-dimensional intersecting model for teaching healthcare policy?

A) Information, commitment, initiative, and involvement
B) Assess, diagnose, implement, and evaluate
C) Data, interpret, commitment, and advocacy
D) Knowledge, advocacy, initiative, and involvement

Question 61

The ability of nurses to move between states to improve access to health care for patients is a result of which of these?

A) National Council of State Boards of Nursing
B) APRN Consensus Work Group
C) APRN Model Act
D) Consensus Model

Question 62

A team of nurses works together to develop a system that ensures that charting includes the necessary details. Which stage would be used to characterize their development as a team?

A) Forming
B) Norming
C) Performing
D) Adjourning

Question 63

A nurse manager empowers the team to work together on a project. What type of leadership is this?

A) Complexity
B) Situational
C) Transformational
D) Organizational

Question 64

A nurse stays composed during a stressful meeting. Which of the five realms of emotional intelligence is the nurse exhibiting?

A) Self-awareness
B) Empathy
C) Social skills
D) Self-regulation

Question 65

Which of the following could be used to better understand the process of change within a health initiative?

A) Lewin's model
B) Reflective practice
C) Healthcare organization theory
D) Chaos theory

Question 66

Which of the following is a movement to improve healthcare quality and safety?

A) Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
B) Triple Aim
C) Institute for Healthcare Improvement
D) Johari window

Question 67

A nurse gathers a health history on a patient. According to Nola Pender's Health Promotion Model, which stage does this action reflect?

A) Evaluation
B) Planning
C) Assessment
D) Implementation

Question 68

In the transtheoretical model of change, which of the following is an example of someone in the contemplation stage?

A) Someone who smokes cigarettes on a daily basis and is resistant to quitting
B) Someone who wants to go on a diet at some point but is considering their options
C) Someone who cuts down to smoking two packs a day
D) Someone who has been dieting for a few months but has relapsed back into making poor nutritional choices

Question 69

In the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model, health directly influences which of these?

A) Reinforcing factors
B) Behavior/lifestyle
C) Quality of life
D) Other non-behaviors

Question 70

While using Pender's health promotion model, you discover that elderly patients are not taking their prescriptions due to limited access to transportation. What should be the first step to improve the health status of this population?

A) Provide education related to the importance of taking prescription medications.
B) Develop an intervention that helps elderly patients remember to take their medications.
C) Provide transportation for elderly patients to access a pharmacy.
D) Develop a program that provides reminders and alerts to pick-up medicines at the pharmacy.

Question 71

According to Donabedian, when evaluating an outcome, which of the following must be examined?

A) Intervention
B) Structure of an organization
C) Timeliness of care
D) Delivery model

Question 72

According to the issues described in the Milken Institute Report, in which way can APRNs reduce healthcare spending for people with chronic conditions?

A) By improving healthcare financing practices
B) By acquiring program management skills
C) By proving expertise related to health outcomes
D) By providing preventive care

Question 73

Which sphere of influence includes leadership and healthcare team processes?

A) Nursing
B) Client
C) Organizational
D) System

Question 74

Quality standards of nursing education are established by which of these?

A) National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties
B) American Association of Nurse Practitioners
C) American Association of Colleges of Nursing
D) Tri-Council for Nursing

Question 75

Which of these describes the formal review and approval by a recognized agency of an educational degree?

A) Certification
B) Licensure
C) Endorsement
D) Accreditation

Question 76

In 1931, who founded the American Association of Nurse Anesthetists?

A) Agnes McGee
B) Agatha Hodgins
C) Alice McGaw
D) Virginia S. Thatcher

Question 77

A nurse administrator does not involve the team in determining the best course of action. Which type of leadership style is the nurse administrator exhibiting in this scenario?

A) Authoritarian
B) Laissez-faire
C) Democratic
D) Collegial

Question 78

A nurse administrator is implementing a new program to reduce charting errors. During which phase would the nurse administrator consider a different change model than Kotter's model?

A) Implementation
B) Assessment
C) Evaluation
D) Refinement

Question 79

A nurse makes information available about the health of a community. Which core function driving public health practice does this reflect?

A) Assessment
B) Policy development
C) Assurance
D) Competency

Question 80

Which of the following organizations has promoted the increase in graduate-level programs to prepare the public health nursing leaders of the future?

A) American Public Health Association
B) American Nurses Association
C) Association of Community Health Educators
D) Association of Public Health Nursing