Deck 11: Cranium, Facial Bones, and Paranasal Sinuses

Question 1

The frontal bone articulates with ____ cranial bones.

A) four
B) six
C) two
D) five

Answer 1

four

Question 2

The slight depression above each eyebrow is termed the:

A) glabella.
B) supraorbital foramina.
C) supraorbital groove.
D) frontal tuberosity.

Answer 2

supraorbital groove.

Question 3

Which of the following landmarks corresponds with the level of the petrous ridge?

A) EAM
B) Top of ear attachment (TEA)
C) Squamosal suture
D) Inion

Answer 3

Top of ear attachment (TEA)

Question 4

Which of the following terms describes the anterior fontanel found in the adult skull?

A) Bregma
B) Pterion
C) Asterion
D) Lambda

Question 5

The left mastoid fontanel becomes the ____ in an adult.

A) left asterion
B) left pterion
C) left bregma
D) squamosal suture

Question 6

The widest portion of the cranium is found at the level of the:

A) parietal tubercles.
B) right and left pterion.
C) squamous portion of the temporal bone.
D) external acoustic meatus (EAM).

Question 7

There are a total of ____ fontanels in an infant.

A) four
B) two
C) six
D) eight

Question 8

How many bones make up the facial bone region?

A) 6
B) 8
C) 12
D) 14

Question 9

Which cranial bone contains the cribriform plate?

A) Sphenoid
B) Occipital
C) Temporal
D) Ethmoid

Question 10

Which cranial bone articulates with all the other cranial bones?

A) Parietal
B) Ethmoid
C) Sphenoid
D) None of the above

Question 11

Which bony landmark represents the highest level of the facial bone mass?

A) Nasion
B) Acanthion
C) Orbital plates
D) Supraorbital notch

Question 12

The pituitary gland (hypophysis cerebri)is associated with and protected by the ____ bone.

A) temporal
B) ethmoid
C) palatine
D) sphenoid

Question 13

Which cranial bone is labeled vi in this figure?

(Anatomic structures are labeled i through vi and sutures a through h.)

A) Temporal
B) Occipital
C) Greater wing of sphenoid
D) Parietal

Question 14

Which of the following cranial bones does not articulate with the parietal bone?

A) Frontal
B) Sphenoid
C) Occipital
D) All of the above articulate with the parietal bone.

Question 15

Which of the following sutures separates the parietal from the occipital bone?

A) Squamosal
B) Sagittal
C) Coronal
D) Lambdoidal

Question 16

The ethmoid notch is part of which cranial bone?

A) Temporal
B) Ethmoid
C) Sphenoid
D) Frontal

Question 17

Which of the following terms describes the small irregular bones occasionally found in the sutures?

A) Asterion
B) Wormian
C) Sesamoid
D) Squamosal

Question 18

What is the name of the joint found between the lateral condylar processes of the skull and the atlas of C1?

A) Zygapophyseal joint
B) Intervertebral joint
C) Atlanto-occipital joint
D) Cervico-occipital joint

Question 19

Which cranial bone contains the foramen ovale?

A) Sphenoid
B) Occipital
C) Ethmoid
D) Temporal

Question 20

Which of the following bones is part of the floor of the cranium?

A) Temporal
B) Occipital
C) Frontal
D) Parietal

Question 21

A radiograph of an anteroposterior (AP)axial projection of the cranium reveals that the dorsum sellae is projected below the foramen magnum,but the posterior arch of C1 is visible within the foramen.Which of the following positioning errors led to this radiographic outcome?

A) Excessive central ray (CR) angulation
B) Insufficient CR angulation
C) Insufficient flexion of the head and neck
D) Tilt of the skull

Question 22

Which one of the following positioning errors most often results in a repeat exposure of a cranial position?

A) Rotation
B) Incorrect central ray placement
C) Slight flexion
D) Slight extension

Question 23

The suture labeled f is termed the:

(Anatomic structures are labeled i through vi and sutures a through h.)

A) asterion.
B) lambdoidal.
C) coronal.
D) squamosal.

Question 24

A radiograph of a posteroanterior (PA)axial projection (Caldwell method)of the cranium reveals that the petrous ridges are located at the level of the lower one third of the orbits.The technologist performed this projection with the CR angled 15° caudal to the orbitomeatal line (OML).How must positioning be altered if a repeat exposure is performed?

A) Increase the extension of the skull.
B) Increase the flexion of the skull.
C) Increase the CR angulation.
D) None of the above; positioning was correct.

Question 25

A radiograph of a lateral cranium reveals that the mentum was cut off from the bottom of the radiograph.A 24 *30-cm (10 *12-inch)IR was used,and it was placed crosswise.What must be altered if a repeat exposure is performed?

A) Center the CR at the EAM.
B) Increase SID to reduce magnification.
C) Place the 24 *30-cm (10 *12-inch) IR lengthwise.
D) None of the above; all of the structures were demonstrated.

Question 26

Which bony structure is labeled v?

(Anatomic structures are labeled i through vi and sutures a through h.)

A) EAM
B) Mastoid process
C) Styloid process
D) Zygomatic process

Question 27

A radiograph of a lateral projection of the cranium reveals that the orbital roofs (plates)are not superimposed-one is slightly superior to the other.Which of the following positioning errors led to this radiographic outcome?

A) Rotation
B) Tilt
C) Excessive flexion
D) Excessive extension

Question 28

Which term describes the small flap of cartilage covering the opening to the ear?

A) Tragus
B) Pinna
C) Acanthion
D) EAM

Question 29

A radiograph of a submentovertex projection of the cranium reveals that the mandibular condyles are projected into the petrous pyramids.What must be altered during the repeat exposure to produce a more diagnostic radiograph?

A) Increase the extension of the skull.
B) Increase the flexion of the skull.
C) Decrease the CR angulation.
D) None of the above; it is an acceptable image.

Question 30

The sutural point or area labeled d is termed:

(Anatomic structures are labeled i through vi and sutures a through h.)

A) bregma.
B) lambda.
C) asterion.
D) pterion.

Question 31

Both CT (computed tomography)and MRI (magnetic resonance imaging)can provide reconstructed images in three planes: axial,sagittal,and coronal.

Question 32

The sutural point or area labeled e is the:

(Anatomic structures are labeled i through vi and sutures a through h.)

A) lambda.
B) asterion.
C) bregma.
D) pterion.

Question 33

What is the difference,in degrees,between the infraorbitomeatal and orbitomeatal lines?

A) 10°
B) 15° to 2°
C) 7° to 8°
D) 20° to 25°

Question 34

The cranial bone labeled i is the:

(Anatomic structures are labeled i through vi and sutures a through h.)

A) sphenoid.
B) lacrimal.
C) ethmoid.
D) palatine.

Question 35

An average-shaped skull with a 47° angle between the petrous pyramids and the midsagittal plane is classified as:

A) mesocephalic.
B) brachycephalic.
C) dolichocephalic.
D) morphocephalic.

Question 36

Which one of the following technical considerations is most critical for demonstrating air and/or fluid levels within the cranium?

A) Medium kV range
B) Detail image receptor (IR)
C) Short exposure time
D) Horizontal x-ray beam

Question 37

Which of the fontanels is the last to close at about 18 months of age?

A) Sphenoid
B) Mastoid
C) Anterior
D) Posterior

Question 38

Lesions of decreased density are termed osteoblastic lesions.

Question 39

Which cranial suture is labeled g?

(Anatomic structures are labeled i through vi and sutures a through h.)

A) Coronal
B) Squamosal
C) Lambdoidal
D) Sagittal

Question 40

An axiolateral oblique projection (Law method)for the temporomandibular joints on a brachycephalic type of skull would require ____ rotation as compared with an average-shaped skull.

A) more
B) less
C) the same
D) Rotation depends on the patient's age.

Question 41

Which positioning line should be perpendicular to the plane of the IR for the AP axial (Towne)projection with a 37° caudad CR angle?

A) OML
B) IOML
C) AML
D) LML

Question 42

Which one of the following cranial projections will best demonstrate a possible basilar fracture?

A) PA axial-Caldwell method
B) Lateral recumbent
C) Horizontal beam lateral
D) AP axial (Townes method)

Question 43

Which division of the temporal bone contains the organs of hearing and equilibrium?

A) Petrous
B) Mastoid
C) Squamous
D) Antrum

Question 44

A patient enters the emergency department (ED)with a possible basilar skull fracture.Which of the following skull projections would best demonstrate any blood present in the sphenoid sinus?

A) AP with a 15° cephalic angle
B) Haas method
C) Submentovertex
D) Horizontal beam lateral projection

Question 45

A patient comes to radiology for a routine study of the cranium.He is unable to flex his head and neck sufficiently to place the OML perpendicular to the IR for the AP axial projection.What should the technologist do to compensate for this problem without creating excessive magnification of the occipital bone?

A) Use the inferior OML and increase the CR angulation by 7°.
B) Perform the Haas method.
C) Perform a submentovertex projection in place of the AP axial projection.
D) Use the AML and increase the CR angulation by 10°.

Question 46

The oval window is labeled:

A) vi.
B) ix.
C) vii.
D) i.
E) v.

Question 47

A PA axial projection with a 25° caudad angle of the cranium reveals that the petrous ridges are at the level of the superior orbital margins.Which of the following modifications are required to correct this error?

A) Decrease CR angle.
B) Increase extension of cranium.
C) Increase flexion of cranium.
D) No corrections are required; this is an acceptable position.

Question 48

A patient comes to radiology with a history of a possible erosion of the superior orbital fissures.Which of the following projections would best demonstrate this structure?

A) PA axial with a 15° caudal angle to OML
B) Submentovertex
C) PA axial with a 25° to 30° caudal angle to OML
D) AP axial with a 37° caudal angle to OML

Question 49

Which one of the following structures is part of the middle ear?

A) Tragus
B) Cochlea
C) Tympanic cavity
D) Eustachian tube

Question 50

The part labeled x is the:

A) eustachian tube.
B) internal auditory canal.
C) tympanic tube.
D) internal auditory meatus.

Question 51

The part labeled i is the:

A) external acoustic meatus.
B) tegmen tympani.
C) auditory tube.
D) tympanic membrane.

Question 52

The part labeled ii is the:

A) stapes.
B) incus.
C) malleus.
D) cochlea.

Question 53

The incus auditory ossicle is labeled:

A) iii.
B) i.
C) iv.
D) ii.
E) vii.

Question 54

The PA axial projection (Haas method)for the cranium requires a CR angle of 25° caudad.

Question 55

A patient comes to radiology with a possible bone cyst within the squamous portion of the frontal bone.Which of the following projections would best demonstrate this region with a minimal amount of distortion of the frontal bone?

A) AP axial with a 30° caudal angle to OML
B) PA axial with a 30° caudal angle to OML
C) PA axial with a 15° caudal angle to OML
D) PA with no CR angulation to OML

Question 56

To which aspect of the ear does the eustachian tube attach?

A) External ear
B) Middle ear
C) Inner ear
D) Cochlea

Question 57

The cochlea is labeled:

A) v.
B) vii.
C) viii.
D) ix.

Question 58

The aditus is defined as a(n):

A) large chamber containing the mastoid air cells.
B) thin plate of bone separating the mastoid air cells from the brain.
C) passageway for the auditory nerve.
D) opening between the epitympanic recess and the mastoid air cells.

Question 59

The submentovertex projection requires that the inferior OML (IOML)is placed parallel to the image receptor.

Question 60

The mastoid air cells communicate with the:

A) inner ear.
B) middle ear.
C) external ear.
D) base of the brain.

Question 61

Which of the following structures of the inner ear is responsible for hearing?

A) Vestibule
B) Semicircular canals
C) Cochlea
D) Round window

Question 62

The upper and lower teeth are embedded in the:

A) symphysis menti.
B) condyloid processes.
C) palatine processes.
D) alveolar processes.

Question 63

Which cranial bone possesses the zygomatic process?

A) Frontal
B) Sphenoid
C) Temporal
D) Ethmoid

Question 64

Where is the CR centered for a lateral projection of the cranium?

A) EAM
B) Three-fourths inch (2 cm) anterior and 3/4 inch (2 cm) superior
C) Two inches (5 cm) superior to EAM
D) Midway between EAM and nasion

Question 65

Which of the following structures are described as scroll-like projections found in the nasal cavity?

A) Perpendicular plate
B) Pterygoid processes
C) Septal cartilage
D) Conchae

Question 66

A patient comes to radiology with severe mastoiditis.Which one of the following imaging modalities will best demonstrate possible bony destruction within the mastoid region?

A) CT
B) Nuclear medicine
C) Ultrasound
D) MRI

Question 67

Which cranial bone possesses the superior nasal conchae?

A) Ethmoid
B) Sphenoid
C) Frontal
D) Temporal

Question 68

The sensory apparatus of both equilibrium and hearing are contained in the internal ear.

Question 69

Which facial bone forms the majority of the hard palate?

A) Mandible
B) Palatine
C) Maxilla
D) Zygomatic

Question 70

A patient comes in with a clinical history of a possible pituitary adenoma.Because this is a rural hospital,CT and MRI are not available.Which radiographic projection or position would best demonstrate signs of bony erosion of the sella turcica because of the tumor?

A) AP axial-Towne method
B) PA-Caldwell method
C) Lateral position
D) Both A and C

Question 71

A patient comes to radiology with a clinical history of an acoustic neuroma.Which of the following imaging modalities will provide the best assessment for this tumor?

A) Radiography
B) Ultrasound
C) Nuclear medicine
D) MRI

Question 72

The osseous labyrinth includes the cochlea,the vestibule,and the semicircular canals.

Question 73

Which of the following modalities best demonstrates early signs of Paget's disease of the skull?

A) CT
B) Nuclear medicine
C) MRI
D) Sonography

Question 74

What is the largest immovable bone of the face?

A) Vomer
B) Mandible
C) Maxilla
D) Zygomatic

Question 75

Which two bones form the bony nasal septum?

A) Superior and inferior nasal conchae
B) Ethmoid and vomer
C) Vomer and maxilla
D) Sphenoid and ethmoid

Question 76

Which cranial bone possesses the sella turcica?

A) Temporal
B) Sphenoid
C) Ethmoid
D) Occipital

Question 77

The point of union between both halves of the mandible is termed:

A) gonion.
B) ramus.
C) symphysis menti.
D) mental foramina.

Question 78

Which three cranial bones articulate directly with the zygomatic bone?

A) Frontal, ethmoid, temporal
B) Frontal, sphenoid, temporal
C) Sphenoid, frontal, occipital
D) Ethmoid, parietal, frontal

Question 79

Which of the following terms describes the junction of the two nasal bones?

A) Nasion
B) Acanthion
C) Glabella
D) Supraorbital groove

Question 80

The vestibule is located in the middle ear.