Question 1

Fallacies are often beguiling because they are psychologically persuasive yet&#8230;&#10;A) Psychologically sound&#10;B) Morally right&#10;C) Logically correct&#10;D) Logically inadequate

Accepted Answer

Fallacies are misleading because they fail in logical reasoning, making them logically inadequate despite their psychological appeal.

Question 2

The genetic fallacy is arguing that a claim is true or false solely because of its&#8230;&#10;A) Premises&#10;B) Origin&#10;C) Analogies&#10;D) Form

Accepted Answer

The genetic fallacy occurs when a claim is judged to be true or false based solely on its origin, rather than on its actual merits or evidence.

Question 3

The fallacy of arguing that what is true of the parts must be true of the whole is called&#8230;&#10;A) Division&#10;B) Composition&#10;C) Equivocation&#10;D) Faulty analogy

Accepted Answer

The fallacy of composition occurs when one assumes that what is true for individual parts must also be true for the whole. For example, assuming that because each part of a machine is light, the entire machine must also be light, overlooks the cumulative effect of all parts together.

Question 4

The fallacy of rejecting a claim by criticizing the person who makes it rather than the claim itself is known as&#8230;&#10;A) Appeal to the person&#10;B) Appeal to emotion&#10;C) Appeal to the masses&#10;D) Appeal to tradition

Accepted Answer

This is known as "Ad Hominem" or "Appeal to the Person," where the argument is directed against the person rather than the position they are maintaining.

Question 5

A type of ad hominem fallacy that argues that a claim must be true (or false) just because the claimant is hypocritical is called&#8230;&#10;A) Personal attack&#10;B) Tu quoque&#10;C) Poisoning the well&#10;D) Equivocation

Accepted Answer

Tu quoque is a specific type of ad hominem fallacy that points out hypocrisy in the opponent's argument, suggesting that their argument is invalid because they do not practice what they preach.

Question 6

The fallacy of arguing that a claim must be true merely because a substantial number of people believe it is known as&#8230;&#10;A) Appeal to emotion&#10;B) Appeal to ignorance&#10;C) Appeal to tradition&#10;D) Appeal to the masses

Accepted Answer

The fallacy of arguing that a claim must be true merely because a substantial number of people believe it is known as "Appeal to the masses." This fallacy assumes that the popularity of an idea is a valid indicator of its truthfulness, which is not necessarily the case.

Question 7

Usually the burden of proof rests on the side that&#8230;&#10;A) Is winning&#10;B) Makes a negative claim&#10;C) Tries to prove a negative&#10;D) Makes a positive claim

Accepted Answer

The burden of proof typically rests on the party making a positive claim, as it is their responsibility to provide evidence or arguments to support their assertion.

Question 8

The fallacy of deliberately raising an irrelevant issue during an argument is called a(n)&#8230;&#10;A) Red herring&#10;B) Appeal to ignorance&#10;C) Straw man&#10;D) Composition

Accepted Answer

A red herring is a fallacy that involves diverting attention from the topic at hand by introducing an irrelevant issue or argument.

Question 9

The use of a word in two different senses in an argument is known as&#8230;&#10;A) Equivocation&#10;B) Argument by analogy&#10;C) Straw man&#10;D) Red herring

Accepted Answer

Equivocation is a logical fallacy that occurs when a key term or phrase in an argument is used in an ambiguous way, with one meaning in one portion of the argument and then another meaning in another portion of the argument.

Question 10

The term for the actions of political leaders who seek support by appealing to the desires and prejudices of ordinary people rather than by using rational argument is&#8230;&#10;A) Propaganda&#10;B) Appeal to Ignorance&#10;C) Demagoguery&#10;D) Fake news

Accepted Answer

Demagoguery is the term used to describe the actions of political leaders who appeal to the desires and prejudices of ordinary people rather than employing rational argument.

Question 11

The reversing of an accusation by arguing that an opponent is guilty of an equally bad or worse offense is called. . .&#10;A) Equivocation&#10;B) Dysphemism&#10;C) Whataboutism&#10;D) Ridicule

Accepted Answer

The answer of The reversing of an accusation by arguing...

Question 12

Arguing that a lack of evidence proves something is known as&#8230;&#10;A) Using rhetoric&#10;B) Making false statements&#10;C) Ignoring the person&#10;D) Appeal toignorance

Accepted Answer

The answer of Arguing that a lack of evidence proves...

Question 13

Arguing that your doing something morally wrong is justified because someone else has done the same (or similar) thing is known as the fallacy of . . .&#10;A) Scare tactics&#10;B) Two wrongs make a right&#10;C) Appeal to pity&#10;D) Straw man

Accepted Answer

The answer of Arguing that your doing something morally wrong...

Question 14

The use of emotions as premises in an argument is known as&#8230;&#10;A) An appeal to ignorance&#10;B) An appeal to tradition&#10;C) An appeal to the masses&#10;D) An appeal to emotion

Accepted Answer

The answer of The use of emotions as premises in...

Question 15

A slippery-slope pattern of argument is fallacious when&#8230;&#10;A) It is hypothetical&#10;B) There is good reason to think that doing one action will inevitably lead to another undesirable action&#10;C) There are only two possible results&#10;D) There is no good reason to think that doing one action will inevitably lead to another undesirable action

Accepted Answer

The answer of A slippery-slope pattern of argument is fallacious...

Question 16

Classifying individuals into groups according to oversimplified or prejudiced attitudes or opinions is known as. . .&#10;A) Dysphemism&#10;B) Stereotyping&#10;C) Rhetorical definition&#10;D) Straw man

Accepted Answer

The answer of Classifying individuals into groups according to oversimplified...

Question 17

The use of nonargumentative, emotive words and phrases to persuade or influence an audience is known as&#8230;&#10;A) Straw man&#10;B) Red herring&#10;C) Demagoguery&#10;D) Rhetoric

Accepted Answer

The answer of The use of nonargumentative, emotive words and...

Question 18

The attempt to establish the conclusion of an argument by using that conclusion as a premise is known as&#8230;&#10;A) Red herring&#10;B) Straw man&#10;C) Begging the question&#10;D) Appeal to the person

Accepted Answer

The answer of The attempt to establish the conclusion of...

Question 19

The use of derision, sarcasm, laughter, or mockery to disparage a person or idea is known as&#8230;&#10;A) Innuendo&#10;B) Euphemism&#10;C) Disanalogy&#10;D) Ridicule

Accepted Answer

The answer of The use of derision, sarcasm, laughter, or...

Question 20

The fallacy of asserting that there are only two alternatives to consider when there are actually more than two is called. . .&#10;A) Hasty generalization&#10;B) False dilemma&#10;C) Straw man&#10;D) The decision-point fallacy

Accepted Answer

The answer of The fallacy of asserting that there are...

Question 21

What is the fallacy of begging the question and how can it be used to mislead?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the fallacy of begging the...

Question 22

Why are appeals to the person fallacious?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why are appeals to the person fallacious?...

Question 23

What is the fallacy of equivocation and how can it be used to persuade an audience that a conclusion is true?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the fallacy of equivocation and...

Question 24

Why is an appeal to the masses fallacious?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why is an appeal to the masses...

Question 25

What is the basic pattern of a straw-man argument? How are straw-man arguments sometimes used in debates over immigration?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the basic pattern of a...

Deck 6: Manipulation Through Fallacies and Rhetoric