Deck 5: Development

Question 1

Which of the following is not often thought of as a key aspect of development?

A) Economic growth
B) Civility
C) Reduced poverty
D) Sustainability

Answer 1

B

Question 2

Which of the following statements about poverty is true?

A) Everyone agrees about how to conceptualize poverty.
B) Everyone agrees about how to operationalize poverty.
C) There is no way to conceptualize poverty.
D) None of the above

Answer 2

D

Question 3

Which of the following is true about social scientists' attitudes towards happiness?

A) Social scientists argue that development and happiness have nothing to do with each other.
B) Social scientists argue that development always leads to unhappiness.
C) Social scientists are increasingly interested in empirically examining the determinants of happiness.
D) According to comparative politics, happiness is economic growth.

Answer 3

C

Question 4

Which of the following scholars argues that environmental/geographical differences account for a good deal of the difference in development outcomes?

A) Mitt Romney
B) Jared Diamond
C) Neil Armstrong
D) Max Weber

Question 5

Which of the following scholars argues that religious differences amount for a good deal of the difference in development outcomes?

A) Jared Diamond
B) Neil Armstrong
C) Mancur Olson
D) Max Weber

Question 6

The argument that property rights influence development might be considered which of the following type of theory?

A) Geographic determinism
B) New institutionalism
C) Reductionism
D) Statism

Question 7

Which of the following is true about religious differences explaining development differences?

A) The degree of religion may matter more than the type of religion.
B) Eastern religions caused less development than Western religions.
C) Lack of access to resources means fewer places of worship can be built.
D) Limited economic opportunities cause fewer people to become ministers.

Question 8

The most common measurement of a country's development is its:

A) Foreign policy record
B) GDP per capita growth
C) Literary achievements
D) Degree of democracy

Question 9

About how many people are estimated to be in absolute poverty worldwide?

A) 1 million
B) 100 million
C) 1 billion
D) 30 billion

Question 10

Tocqueville and Fukuyama attribute these three societal characteristics to economic prosperity:

A) Institutionalism, path dependence, and state-directed development
B) Civil Society, social capital, and trust
C) Life expectancy, education, and income
D) Geography, demographics, and sovereignty

Question 11

The Human Development Index (HDI) gives a broad view of development and well-being by measuring:

A) Income, healthcare accessibility, and educational attainment rates
B) Income, life expectancy, and educational measures
C) Inflation, life expectancy, and educational measures.
D) Income equality, life expectancy, and educational measures.

Question 12

Referring to the link between gender and development, which of the following countries would be considered the least developed?

A) South Africa
B) Cuba
C) India
D) China

Question 13

Which of the following is false about South Africa under apartheid?

A) Major inequalities in the economy existed
B) Blacks had severely restricted political rights
C) Education systems for blacks were inferior
D) South Africa had lower average social indicators than most other African countries

Question 14

Which of the following countries would offer the clearest illustration of the resource curse phenomenon?

A) Nigeria
B) Cuba
C) France
D) Haiti

Question 15

Life expectancy, infant mortality, literacy, and HDI rank are all useful tools to measure:

A) Human capital
B) Human nature
C) Both a and b
D) None of the above

Question 16

Which aspect of development specifically considers a country's long-term access to resources?

A) Cultural development
B) Sustainability
C) Satisfaction and happiness
D) Gender relations

Question 17

Which of the following statements is true?

A) Most proponents of market-led development would prefer a state that is capable of enforcing contracts between private actors.
B) Most proponents of state-led development agree that free markets can be helpful to the economy
C) Neither proponents of market-led development nor state-led development would agree that the opposite argument has merit.
D) Both a and b

Question 18

The World Bank is an example of:

A) A cultural element
B) A financial organization
C) A geographic feature
D) Class interests

Question 19

Which of the following is the metaphor Kohli uses to describe how states and private actors interact when development fails/succeeds?

A) Split ends/healthy hair
B) Tug of war/ lifting the bucket together
C) Two horses pulling a chariot in the same direction/opposite directions
D) Turning a blind eye to the other/careful watchdog on both parts

Question 20

A country develops by providing large stimulus packages to the economy. The country continues to do so because the economy has become dependent on it. This is an example of:

A) Historical institutionalism
B) Civil society
C) Utility
D) Absolute poverty

Question 21

Sustainable Development refers to:

A) If economic development brings a large degree of commercialization, some people will prefer self-determination to modernization.
B) Indigenous peoples prefer to retain and protect their own languages and traditions, avoiding Westernization.
C) Informal institutions such as social norms, that structure relationships between society and government.
D) Development that conserves resources effectively to respect the needs of future generations so that society remains viable over the long run.

Question 22

Who did not contribute to "The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development" theory?

A) David M. Thompson
B) Daron Acemoglu
C) Simon Johnson
D) James A. Robinson

Question 23

What is the conclusion of "The Colonial Origins of Comparative Development" theory?

A) Former British colonies are the most developed today
B) Former French colonies are the most developed today
C) Colonies based on resource extraction are the most developed today
D) Colonies based on settlement are the most developed today

Question 24

Which theorist said that capitalism would cause an international crisis of inequality?

A) Wyatt Catron
B) Karl Marx
C) Rand Paul
D) Simon Johnson

Question 25

According to the revised dependency theory, how can dependent countries become more independent?

A) Exporting more goods
B) State-promoted industrialization
C) Increasing imports
D) Adopting utility

Question 26

Who proposed the theory that each country fit into a specific role in the world economy?

A) Jared Diamond
B) Aaron Schendel
C) Immanuel Wallerstein
D) David M. Thompson

Question 27

Which of the following is an example of a core country under "The Modern World System" theory?

A) Nigeria
B) Indonesia
C) United States
D) Mexico

Question 28

Which of the following is considered a geographical advantage for development, according to Jared Diamond?

A) Access to horses
B) Access to zebras
C) High temperatures
D) Temperature control mechanisms

Question 29

The most plausible explanation for variations in development of South Korea and North Korea is probably which of the following:

A) Differences in geography
B) Differences in long-run cultural heritage
C) Differences in religion and natural resources
D) Differences in economic and political institutions

Question 30

Name three measures of development that could decline even as economic indicators improve.

Question 31

Describe three ways development can be measured (other than economic indicators), and list merits and flaws of each tool.

Question 32

Identify four major theories of what causes development and identify one scholar associated with each.

Question 33

What is the significance of the phrase "Protestant Ethic" for the idea of development?

Question 34

Other than religion, what types of cultural factors can shape development?

Question 35

Explain the concept of a zero-sum game in the international economy.

Question 36

What do critics of cultural theories of development say?

Question 37

What do critics of dependency or world systems theories of development say?

Question 38

How do some argue that development can happen without modernization?

Question 39

Where has state-led development occurred? Where has market-led development occurred?

Question 40

Explain the concept of institutionalism. Give examples of institutions and the ways they shape development.

Question 41

Why are North and South Korea good candidates for the Most-Similar-Systems Design comparison?

Question 42

Compare and contrast cultural and institutional theories of development. How are they similar and how are they different?

Question 43

Using evidence from one country, show how the country's experience illustrates the strengths and/or weaknesses of a major theory of development. Use another country as a "comparative check" to show whether this single case can prove or disprove that the theory you have selected is fully correct or incorrect.

Question 44

Which theory or theories of development are best suited to explaining variations in the relative development performance of Western Europe and Sub-Saharan Africa over many centuries? Which theory or theories of development are best suited to explaining variations between successful and unsuccessful African economies in the half-century since independence? Do you find the same theories compelling for these two different comparisons, or are different theories compelling for these two cases? Explain why you use the same theory or different theories to address these two comparisons.

Question 45

Development can be measured in many ways, starting with economic growth. What is the biggest concern for how development might be worsened as economic growth improves? Using an empirical example and/or theoretical logic, state the nature of the concern and how and why this concern might be caused by economic growth.

Question 46

Some theories of development are based on historical and geographic factors that are well established and are virtually impossible to change. What are the policy implications of such theories for low-income countries, and what might proponents of such theories propose to help promote development in those countries?

Question 47

Why might nations use different strategies to develop? Give examples and examine the results based on these initial factors of strategy choice.