Deck 5: Community Corrections

Question 1

Define the following terms:
-boot camps

Answer 1

Boot camps, in the context of personal development and training, refer to intensive, short-term training programs that are designed to teach participants a specific set of skills or knowledge in a condensed timeframe. These programs are often characterized by their rigorous pace, hands-on learning experiences, and immersive environment. Boot camps can cover a wide range of topics, including but not limited to fitness, weight loss, software development, coding, data science, cybersecurity, and other technical or professional skills.

In the fitness industry, boot camps are structured physical training programs that focus on building strength, endurance, and agility through a variety of exercises and activities. These are typically conducted in group settings and led by a fitness instructor.

In the educational and professional development context, boot camps are particularly popular in the tech industry, where they serve as a fast-track method for individuals to gain the necessary skills to enter or advance in the field of technology. Coding boot camps, for example, are designed to teach programming languages and software development principles to individuals with little to no prior experience in a matter of weeks or months, as opposed to the years it might take through traditional education pathways.

Boot camps are known for their immersive learning environment, where participants are often expected to dedicate a significant amount of time and effort to learning and practicing new skills. The goal is to provide a concentrated dose of education or training that enables participants to achieve specific outcomes, such as learning a new skill, starting a new career, or achieving a personal fitness goal.

Question 2

Define the following terms:
-broad category

Answer 2

The term "broad category" refers to a wide-ranging, inclusive classification that encompasses a large variety of items, concepts, or phenomena that share common characteristics or attributes. Broad categories are used in various contexts to organize information, ideas, or objects into general groups that can be further subdivided into more specific subcategories.

For example, in the context of a library, books might be organized into broad categories such as fiction, non-fiction, science, history, and literature. Each of these broad categories can then be broken down into narrower subcategories to help users find specific types of books more easily. In the field of biology, living organisms are classified into broad categories like plants, animals, fungi, protists, and bacteria, which are then further divided into more specific groups based on shared traits.

Broad categories are useful for simplifying complex systems, making it easier to understand and navigate through large amounts of information. They provide a high-level overview and can be used as a starting point for more detailed analysis or investigation. However, it's important to note that while broad categories help in organizing and conceptualizing, they may sometimes oversimplify the diversity and nuances within each group.

Question 3

Define the following terms:
-caseload

Answer 3

Caseload refers to the number of cases or clients that a professional, such as a lawyer, social worker, counselor, or healthcare provider, is actively managing at any given time. In the context of legal professionals, a caseload would consist of all the legal matters and cases that an attorney is currently handling. For social workers or counselors, it would include all the individuals or families they are supporting. In healthcare, it might refer to the patients under the care of a particular doctor or nurse.

The size of a caseload can vary widely depending on the professional's role, the complexity of the cases, the resources available, and the expectations of the job. Managing a caseload effectively is crucial as it can impact the quality of service provided to clients and the professional's ability to give each case the attention it requires. High caseloads can lead to burnout and reduced effectiveness, while too low a caseload might suggest underutilization of resources. Balancing caseloads is often a significant administrative challenge in many service-oriented professions.

Question 4

Define the following terms:
-community control

Question 5

Define the following terms:
-community corrections

Question 6

Define the following terms:
-community residential centers

Question 7

Define the following terms:
-community service

Question 8

Define the following terms:
-community-based correctional facilities

Question 9

Define the following terms:
-conventional model

Question 10

Define the following terms:
-criminogenic needs

Question 11

Define the following terms:
-day reporting centers

Question 12

Define the following terms:
-dual role

Question 13

Define the following terms:
-economic sanctions

Question 14

Define the following terms:
-electronic monitoring

Question 15

Define the following terms:
-fines

Question 16

Define the following terms:
-halfway houses

Question 17

Define the following terms:
-home confinement

Question 18

Define the following terms:
-intensive supervision probation

Question 19

Define the following terms:
-intermediate sanctions

Question 20

Define the following terms:
-mental health court

Question 21

Define the following terms:
-Model System

Question 22

Define the following terms:
-need principle

Question 23

Define the following terms:
-net widening

Question 24

Define the following terms:
-new crime violation

Question 25

Define the following terms:
-numbers game model

Question 26

Define the following terms:
-presentence investigation report

Question 27

Define the following terms:
-probation

Question 28

Define the following terms:
-responsivity principle

Question 29

Define the following terms:
-revocation hearing

Question 30

Define the following terms:
-risk principle

Question 31

Define the following terms:
-service fees

Question 32

Define the following terms:
-shock incarceration

Question 33

Define the following terms:
-special assessments

Question 34

Define the following terms:
-specialized caseloads model

Question 35

Define the following terms:
-technical violation

Question 36

Define the following terms:
-victim impact statement

Question 37

Options that lie somewhere between regular probation and prison are best known as?

A) community corrections
B) intermediate sanctions
C) indeterminate sentences
D) community service

Question 38

Consider the following lists of sanctions. Which one denotes the order of sanctions from most severe to least?

A) traditional probation, fines, split sentences, prison/jail
B) prison/jail, house arrest, restitution, community service
C) intensive probation, boot camps, split sentences, fines
D) fines, restitution, prison/jail, house arrest

Question 39

Probation is considered one of the more effective sanctions with many studies showing that probationers have lower recidivism rates compared to those serving time in jail.

Question 40

Who is considered the "Father of Probation?"

A) John Howard
B) Jeremy Bentham
C) Edward Latessa
D) John Augustus

Question 41

In most jurisdictions, victims cannot share information about how the offense affected them in the presentence investigation report.

Question 42

Which of the following reasons would a judge not grant defendants probation?

A) Age and rehabilitation potential of the defendant
B) Judge's feelings towards the particular offender or the offense
C) The attitude of the community toward the particular offense and the particular offender
D) a and b only
E) a, b, and c

Question 43

Which of the following probation conditions seek change and are intended to motivate conforming behavior once probation has ended?
I) No association permitted with known offenders
II) No use of alcohol or drugs
III) Community service
IV) Payment of fines
V) Restitution to the victim
VI) Mandatory drug/alcohol testing or treatment

A) I, and II
B) I, III, and V
C) III, IV, V, VI
D) I, III, V, VI
E) VI only

Question 44

Leaving the jurisdiction while on probation would be a ________________violation.

A) technical
B) new crime
C) service
D) control

Question 45

Probation officers play a variety of roles when supervising probationers. What is the name of the role that involves telling clients about services and programs in the community that could benefit them?

A) Detector
B) Broker
C) Advocate
D) Mobilizer
E) Information Manager

Question 46

What role is a probation officer carrying out when they remove barriers that may be in the way of their clients who are accessing the benefits and resources they need to be successful on probation?

A) Enabler
B) Evaluator
C) Mediator
D) Advocate
E) Enforcer

Question 47

Which probation officer role involves preventing problems before they occur by making sure the right resources are made accessible for their clients or creating structure for their clients to make ensure compliance with probation conditions occurs?

A) Detector
B) Evaluator
C) Mediator
D) Mobilizer
E) Information Manager

Question 48

Probation officers are given what is called a ___________________ of clients to manage.

A) convention
B) caseload
C) list
D) report
E) sample

Question 49

In this type of case assignment, clients are randomly assigned to available probation officers in the department.

A) Numbers Game model
B) Conventional Model
C) Conventional Model with Geographic Considerations
D) Specialized Caseload Model
E) Model System

Question 50

Probation officers are assigned cases based on their expertise in handling clients with certain characteristics in this model.

A) Numbers Game Model
B) Conventional Model
C) Conventional Model with Geographic Considerations
D) Specialized Caseload Model
E) Model System

Question 51

In the _______________, clients are classified based on how many hours per month a probation officer will need to spend on the client related to their risks and needs to determine the total caseload size.

A) Numbers Game Model
B) Conventional Model
C) Conventional Model with Geographic Considerations
D) Specialized Caseload Model
E) Model System

Question 52

What is the ideal caseload per probation officer?

A) Depends on the risk level of the clients
B) There is not one
C) Whatever makes sense for that jurisdiction
D) As many as they can handle

Question 53

Smaller probation officer caseloads means reduced recidivism.

Question 54

What promising option is available for probationers with mental illnesses and/or substance use disorders?

A) Multijurisdictional court
B) Mental health court
C) Drug court
D) Revocation court

Question 55

Intermediate sanctions are the same as community corrections.

Question 56

Which of the following was not an unstated purpose of intermediate sanctions?

A) They created an "appearance" of correctional reform.
B) They helped institute a mechanism for reclaiming limited probation and parole resources.
C) They could provide probation administrators and legislators with an effective response to the more punitive orientation of the public.
D) They provide cost-effective alternatives to incarceration for prison and jail-bound offenders.

Question 57

Intermediate sanctions may not work any better than traditional forms of punishment, but they certainly are not any worse and are cheaper.

Question 58

Of the following intermediate sanctions, which would be most successful at helping offenders remain employed?

A) Probation
B) Home confinement
C) Boot camps
D) a, b, and c
E) a and b only

Question 59

Why is intensive supervision probation considered probation plus?

A) There are added security and controls.
B) It sounds tougher.
C) The legislature mandated it.
D) There are extra days on probation.

Question 60

For intensive supervision probation, probation officer caseloads should be __________________ and contacts should be ___________________.

A) reasonable, restricted
B) small, frequent
C) balanced, made in person
D) conventional, systematic

Question 61

What is one reason why offenders serving intermediate sanction sentences might be more likely to fail?

A) The sanctions are not developed enough to really know why.
B) The clients are failing the treatment component of the sanction.
C) Clients are often under more surveillance and get caught committing more technical violations.
D) Prisons are just more effective sanctions with or without rehabilitation programming.

Question 62

By the mid-1980s, the main reason to sentence offenders to HC was?

A) the need to control overcrowding jail and prison populations.
B) for humanitarian purposes.
C) to prevent offenders from being subjected to the destructive environment of incarceration.
D) to rehabilitate and reintegrate offenders into the community.

Question 63

Sentencing offenders to an intermediate sanction who normally would not have been sent to prison anyway can lead to?

A) institutional gapping
B) diversion lapses
C) net widening
D) plus monitoring

Question 64

In what intermediate sanction are smartphones beginning to play a large role in monitoring offenders serving their sentence in the community?

A) boot camp programs
B) probation with day reporting
C) home confinement with electronic monitoring
D) community residential centers

Question 65

Electronic monitoring devices are quite effective.

Question 66

Which of the crimes below could still be committed from the home?

A) Child abuse
B) Drug sales
C) Assaults
D) Identity theft
E) All of the above

Question 67

_________________ are different from other sanctions in that they serve as a residential facility for offenders who are being monitored or supervised on some form of early release.

A) Intensive probation
B) Halfway houses
C) Boot camps
D) Traditional probation

Question 68

What are short-term residential facilities where there is a focus on rehabilitation and reintegration after release for individuals convicted of non-violent felonies called?

A) day reporting centers
B) boot camps
C) jails
D) community-based correctional facilities

Question 69

In this type of intermediate sanction, offenders denote where they will be at all times and how they will get from place to place and participate in treatment programs.

A) day reporting centers
B) boot camps
C) jails
D) community-based correctional facilities

Question 70

Many research studies report lower recidivism rates among boot camp participants compared to prison inmates.

Question 71

There are higher staff turnover rates in boot camps than in prisons.

Question 72

What are the most common non-custodial punishment in the U.S.?

A) community service
B) fines
C) restitution
D) probation

Question 73

Fees for the public defender, preparing the presentence investigation report, and for drug testing or evaluations for drug/alcohol abuse are called?

A) service fees
B) special assessments
C) broad category
D) planning monies

Question 74

All convicted offenders, regardless of income level, will pay $500 for committing a drug crime. This is known as a?

A) Day fine
B) Restitution fine
C) Fixed-sum fine
D) Report fine

Question 75

Two offenders are convicted of shoplifting, which carries a fine that is equivalent to a specific unit of the individual's income. This is known as a?

A) Day fine
B) Restitution fine
C) Fixed-sum fine
D) Report fine

Question 76

While still a popular sanction for minor offenses, community service as the lone punishment is not all that common.

Question 77

Which principle of effective classification would agree that we should not place individuals who are not likely to reoffend in institutions and programs with more serious offenders?

A) Risk
B) Need
C) Responsivity
D) Integrity
E) Fidelity

Question 78

Antisocial attitudes, anti-social friends, substance abuse, lack of empathy, and impulsive behaviors are examples of __________________.

A) general needs
B) responsive needs
C) self-control needs
D) criminogenic needs

Question 79

If we place clients who have difficulty reading in a treatment program that requires journaling and role playing while reading off cards, we are violating what principle?

A) Risk
B) Need
C) Responsivity
D) Integrity
E) Fidelity

Question 80

____________ factors are those that can be changed through intervention programs and services and ____________ factors are those that cannot be affected by programming.

A) Static, dynamic
B) Dynamic, static
C) Risk, static
D) Dynamic, risk