Question 1

What is the most cited contributor of malnutrition in infants and children with CHD?&#10;A) Malabsorption&#10;B) Reflux&#10;C) Inadequate energy intake&#10;D) Hypermetabolism

Accepted Answer

Inadequate energy intake is the most cited contributor to malnutrition in infants and children with congenital heart disease (CHD) due to increased energy needs and difficulties in feeding.

Question 2

Malnutrition in infants with congenital heart disease may be due to: (select all that apply)&#10;A) Inadequate energy intake&#10;B) Dysrhythmias&#10;C) Hypermetabolism&#10;D) Malabsorption

Accepted Answer

Infants with congenital heart disease may experience inadequate energy intake due to feeding difficulties, hypermetabolism due to increased energy demands from the heart condition, and malabsorption due to gastrointestinal issues related to their condition. Dysrhythmias are not directly related to malnutrition.

Question 3

Infants requiring surgery with subsequent injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve are at risk for:&#10;A) Vocal cord paralysis or paresis&#10;B) Gastroesophageal reflux&#10;C) Malabsorption&#10;D) Vocal cord paralysis or paresis and Gastroesophageal reflux

Accepted Answer

D

Question 4

The National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) and the American Heart Association (AHA) advocate dietary change for all healthy children over 2 years of age. The Therapeutic Lifestyle Change recommends:

A) 50-60% carbohydrate; 15% protein; 25-35% fat
B) 45% carbohydrate; 20% protein; 35% fat
C) 55% carbohydrate; 25% protein; 20% fat
D) 35% carbohydrate; 30% protein; 35% fat

Accepted Answer

The Therapeutic Lifestyle Change (TLC) diet recommends 50-60% of calories from carbohydrates, 15% from protein, and 25-35% from fat.

Question 5

What is the most reliable anthropometric measurement for a 4-year-old patient with ascites?&#10;A) Weight-for-age&#10;B) BMI-for-age&#10;C) Height-for-age&#10;D) Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC)

Accepted Answer

Mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) is less affected by fluid retention like ascites and is a reliable indicator of nutritional status in young children.

Question 6

Intralipids cannot be infused through an extracorporeal life support (ECLS) circuit?

Accepted Answer

Intralipids are not compatible with ECLS circuits because they can cause damage to the membrane oxygenator.

Question 7

Use of diuretic therapies may lead to excretion of what primary nutrients?&#10;A) Magnesium, phosphorus&#10;B) Sodium, potassium, calcium&#10;C) Calcium, chloride, zinc&#10;D) Potassium only

Accepted Answer

Diuretic therapies often lead to the excretion of sodium, potassium, and calcium as they increase urine production and these electrolytes are lost in the process.

Question 8

Oral feeding may be impaired in neonates with CHD for all reasons except:&#10;A) Tachypnea&#10;B) Prolonged respiratory support&#10;C) Neurological immaturity&#10;D) Hypermetabolism

Accepted Answer

Hypermetabolism is not a reason for impaired oral feeding in neonates with CHD. Tachypnea, prolonged respiratory support, and neurological immaturity can all affect feeding ability.

Question 9

What genetic syndrome is frequently associated with congenital heart disease?&#10;A) Prader-Willi Syndrome&#10;B) Rett Syndrome&#10;C) Trisomy 21&#10;D) Guillain-Barre Syndrome

Accepted Answer

Trisomy 21, also known as Down syndrome, is frequently associated with congenital heart disease, particularly atrioventricular septal defects and ventricular septal defects.

Question 10

The treatment of chylothorax often leads to a diet modification of restricted fat intake. What % of calories should be supplemented with essential fatty acids (EFA) to prevent an EFA deficiency?&#10;A) 0.2-1%&#10;B) 1-4%&#10;C) 5%&#10;D) 5-7%

Accepted Answer

To prevent essential fatty acid deficiency, 1-4% of total caloric intake should be supplemented with essential fatty acids.

Deck 14: Cardiology