Deck 2: Working With Numbers and Data Display

Question 1

Why is it important to accurately depict data?

A) because you can be misled by others' poor translations of that data
B) because you can mislead others with your poor translations of that data
C) because you could mislead yourself with your poor translations or that data
D) all of these

Answer 1

D

Question 2

A concise definition of a statistical concept using statistical notation is a ______.

A) formula
B) operational definition
C) graph
D) none of these

Answer 2

A

Question 3

The appropriate way to represent "three-quarters" as a fraction is ______.

A) 0.75
B) ¾
C) 75%
D) three-quarters

Answer 3

B

Question 4

To convert a proportion to a percentage, you should ______.

A) do nothing - they are the same.
B) divide it by 100 and add a "%"
C) multiply it by 100 and add a "%"
D) divide the number in a calculator and report the resulting value

Question 5

Which of the following represents population size?

A) n
B) N
C) p
D) P

Question 6

If n = 100, what can you conclude?

A) There are 100 subjects in the population.
B) There are 100 samples in the dataset.
C) There are 100 subjects in the sample.
D) There are 100 variables in the dataset.

Question 7

A frequency is ______.

A) a portion of a whole, represented as a decimal
B) a count of how many times a value appears in a variable
C) a table containing all categories
D) an illustration of qualitative data

Question 8

Which of the following symbols represents a frequency?

A) f
B) p
C) n
D) N

Question 9

For the following dataset, what does f equal for the value "3"?
[2, 4, 1, 2, 5, 3, 4, 3, 1, 4]

A) 1
B) 2
C) 0.1
D) 0.2

Question 10

For the following dataset, what does rel. f equal for the value "5"?
[2, 3, 5, 1, 2, 3, 5, 1, 2, 5]

A) 2
B) 3
C) 0.2
D) 0.3

Question 11

If you want to convert from a frequency to a relative frequency, you should ______.

A) count how many times a value appears in your dataset
B) divide the frequency by the sample size
C) divide the sample size by the frequency
D) count the total number of values in the dataset

Question 12

For the following dataset, what does cum. f equal for the value "5"?
[3, 1, 4, 5, 2, 1, 3, 5, 2, 1]

A) 2
B) 0.2
C) 0.8
D) 1

Question 13

If you want to make a frequency table, what is the first thing you should do?

A) determine the frequencies of each of your values
B) calculate the relative frequencies of each of your values
C) make a list of every value and order them
D) calculate the cumulative frequencies of all of your values

Question 14

How many values should be included in a frequency table for the following data?
[1st, 5th, 5th, 2nd, 4th, 2nd, 5th, 1st, 2nd]

A) 4
B) 5
C) 6
D) all of these

Question 15

In a bar chart, what is represented on the x-axis?

A) frequencies
B) relative frequencies
C) variable categories
D) proportions

Question 16

When should you translate data with a bar chart?

A) when you have qualitative data
B) when you have nominal data
C) when you have ordinal data
D) all of these

Question 17

To ensure that your bar chart is easily interpretable, your bar chart should have which of the following attributes?

A) It should be wider than it is tall.
B) The axis labels should be left-aligned.
C) The largest value should be at the bottom of the chart.
D) Each bar should be a different colour.

Question 18

An illustration of qualitative data representing a variable's categories as portions of a circle is a ______.

A) bar chart
B) histogram
C) frequency polygon
D) pie chart

Question 19

To ensure that your pie chart is easily interpretable, your pie chart should have which of the following attributes?

A) The chart should contain a legend.
B) Each wedge should be the same colour as every other wedge.
C) Each wedge should contain only a relative frequency.
D) The pie should be taller than it is wide.

Question 20

If you want to illustrate a quantitative variable, you should use a ______.

A) bar chart
B) pie chart
C) frequency table
D) frequency polygon

Question 21

The primary difference between a histogram and a bar chart is that ______.

A) there is no gap between the bars on a histogram.
B) histograms have an x- and y-axis.
C) the y-axis represents frequencies on a histogram.
D) the histogram is used for qualitative data.

Question 22

For which of the following variables would a histogram be appropriate?

A) favourite colour
B) job title
C) month
D) age in years

Question 23

The range of values represented by a single bar in a histogram is called a ______.

A) distribution
B) frequency
C) bin
D) box

Question 24

Frequency polygons are similar to histograms except ______.

A) frequency polygons use lines instead of bars to represent frequencies
B) histograms can be used represent more than two frequency distributions
C) frequency polygons represent frequencies on the x-axis
D) frequency polygons represent data more clearly than a histogram

Question 25

Each point in a scatterplot represents ______.

A) the frequency of a variable
B) the scores of two variables for a single case
C) the scores of two cases for a single variable
D) the proportions of scores of two cases for a single variable

Question 26

Which of these should you use to illustrate responses to the following question? "How many sales were made last year?"

A) bar chart
B) pie chart
C) histogram
D) scatterplot

Question 27

Which of these should you use to illustrate responses to the following question? "How many employees are working at each branch of our company?"

A) scatterplot
B) frequency polygon
C) bar chart
D) histogram

Question 28

Which of these should you use to address the following question? "What is the relationship between number of sales and employee job satisfaction?"

A) scatterplot
B) bar chart
C) pie chart
D) frequency polygon

Question 29

Which of these should you use to address the following question? "How does the distribution of salaries last year compare with the distribution of salaries this year?"

A) scatterplot
B) frequency polygon
C) pie chart
D) bar chart

Question 30

In order to help interpret large amounts of raw data, it is helpful to translate data into illustrations, pictures, or graphics.

Question 31

Quantitative and qualitative variables are treated the same when illustrated graphically.

Question 32

When writing formulas, it is more common to use proportions than it is to use fractions.

Question 33

5% is another representation of the following proportion: 0.5

Question 34

If N = 500, there are 500 subjects in the sample.

Question 35

The number of cases in a sample is the sample size.

Question 36

If n = 20, and 5 appears 4 times in the variable being examined, the rel. f of 5 for that variable is .25.

Question 37

If n = 20 and f = 4 for the value 2, the relative frequency of 2 is 5.

Question 38

A count of how many times a value and all values below it appears in a variable is the cumulative frequency.

Question 39

A frequency table consists of only simple frequencies.

Question 40

The most common illustration for qualitative data is a pie chart.

Question 41

When creating a bar chart, your bars should touch.

Question 42

One of the most common ways to mislead people with graphics is to use a value other than 0 as the smallest value on the y-axis.

Question 43

You should use similar colours on your pie chart so that the chart is more visually appealing.

Question 44

If you have quantitative data, you should use a histogram instead of a bar chart.

Question 45

The y-axis for a histogram should include counts or frequencies.

Question 46

Histograms should always use a bin size of 10.

Question 47

If you want to compare two or more frequency distributions, you should use a frequency polygon instead of a histogram.

Question 48

If you want to know what happens to the y-variable as the x-variable increases, you should translate your data with a pie chart.

Question 49

Your friend wants to know why he should bother learning about statistics. Can't he just hire someone else to do that for him? Explain why your friend would benefit by learning about appropriate data translation and provide an example of how this knowledge could help him.

Question 50

List the steps in creating a frequency table. Explain how to calculate values at each step.

Question 51

Explain the major differences between a bar chart and a histogram, including when to use each.

Question 52

Explain the difference between a frequency polygon and a scatterplot, including when to use each.

Question 53

For the following questions, consider the dataset below collected from a sample of trainees:
$\begin{array}{ccc} & \text { Training } & \text { Test score } \\\hline 1 & \text { A } & 12 \\2 & \text { A } & 9 \\3 & \text { B } & 6 \\4 & \text { B } & 10 \\5 & \text { C } & 30 \\\hline\end{array}$ Test scores represent the number of test questions trainees answered correctly on the post-training survey.

-The scale of measurement for the Training variable above is ______.

A) qualitative
B) quantitative
C) nominal
D) ratio

Question 54

For the following questions, consider the dataset below collected from a sample of trainees:
$\begin{array}{ccc} & \text { Training } & \text { Test score } \\\hline 1 & \text { A } & 12 \\2 & \text { A } & 9 \\3 & \text { B } & 6 \\4 & \text { B } & 10 \\5 & \text { C } & 30 \\\hline\end{array}$ Test scores represent the number of test questions trainees answered correctly on the post-training survey.

-The best translation for the Training variable above would be ______.

A) a bar chart
B) a histogram
C) a scatterplot
D) a frequency polygon

Question 55

For the following questions, consider the dataset below collected from a sample of trainees:
$\begin{array}{ccc} & \text { Training } & \text { Test score } \\\hline 1 & \text { A } & 12 \\2 & \text { A } & 9 \\3 & \text { B } & 6 \\4 & \text { B } & 10 \\5 & \text { C } & 30 \\\hline\end{array}$ Test scores represent the number of test questions trainees answered correctly on the post-training survey.

-The scale of measurement for the Test Score variable above is ______.

A) qualitative
B) quantitative
C) nominal
D) ratio

Question 56

For the following questions, consider the dataset below collected from a sample of trainees:
$\begin{array}{ccc} & \text { Training } & \text { Test score } \\\hline 1 & \text { A } & 12 \\2 & \text { A } & 9 \\3 & \text { B } & 6 \\4 & \text { B } & 10 \\5 & \text { C } & 30 \\\hline\end{array}$ Test scores represent the number of test questions trainees answered correctly on the post-training survey.

-The best translation for the Test Score variable above would be ______.

A) a histogram
B) a bar chart
C) a scatterplot
D) a pie chart

Question 57

For the following questions, consider the dataset below collected from a sample of trainees:
$\begin{array}{ccc} & \text { Training } & \text { Test score } \\\hline 1 & \text { A } & 12 \\2 & \text { A } & 9 \\3 & \text { B } & 6 \\4 & \text { B } & 10 \\5 & \text { C } & 30 \\\hline\end{array}$ Test scores represent the number of test questions trainees answered correctly on the post-training survey.

-The best way to compare the Training variable and the Test Score variable would be ______.

A) a bar chart
B) a histogram
C) a scatterplot
D) a frequency polygon

Question 58

For the following questions, consider the dataset below collected from a sample of trainees:
$\begin{array}{ccc} & \text { Training } & \text { Test score } \\\hline 1 & \text { A } & 12 \\2 & \text { A } & 9 \\3 & \text { B } & 6 \\4 & \text { B } & 10 \\5 & \text { C } & 30 \\\hline\end{array}$ Test scores represent the number of test questions trainees answered correctly on the post-training survey.

-What is the frequency of Training C?

A) 0.1
B) 0.2
C) 1
D) 2

Question 59

For the following questions, consider the dataset below collected from a sample of trainees:
$\begin{array}{ccc} & \text { Training } & \text { Test score } \\\hline 1 & \text { A } & 12 \\2 & \text { A } & 9 \\3 & \text { B } & 6 \\4 & \text { B } & 10 \\5 & \text { C } & 30 \\\hline\end{array}$ Test scores represent the number of test questions trainees answered correctly on the post-training survey.

-What is the relative frequency of Training C?

A) 0.1
B) 0.2
C) 1
D) 2

Question 60

For the following questions, consider the dataset below collected from a sample of trainees:
$\begin{array}{ccc} & \text { Training } & \text { Test score } \\\hline 1 & \text { A } & 12 \\2 & \text { A } & 9 \\3 & \text { B } & 6 \\4 & \text { B } & 10 \\5 & \text { C } & 30 \\\hline\end{array}$ Test scores represent the number of test questions trainees answered correctly on the post-training survey.

-What is the cumulative frequency of Training C?

A) 0.1
B) 0.2
C) 1
D) 2

Question 61

For the following questions, consider the dataset below collected from a sample of trainees:
$\begin{array}{ccc} & \text { Training } & \text { Test score } \\\hline 1 & \text { A } & 12 \\2 & \text { A } & 9 \\3 & \text { B } & 6 \\4 & \text { B } & 10 \\5 & \text { C } & 30 \\\hline\end{array}$ Test scores represent the number of test questions trainees answered correctly on the post-training survey.

-What is n in the dataset above?

A) 2
B) 5
C) 10
D) cannot be determined from the dataset provided

Question 62

For the following questions, consider the dataset below collected from a sample of trainees:
$\begin{array}{ccc} & \text { Training } & \text { Test score } \\\hline 1 & \text { A } & 12 \\2 & \text { A } & 9 \\3 & \text { B } & 6 \\4 & \text { B } & 10 \\5 & \text { C } & 30 \\\hline\end{array}$ Test scores represent the number of test questions trainees answered correctly on the post-training survey.

-What is N in the dataset above?

A) 2
B) 5
C) 10
D) cannot be determined from the dataset provided