Deck 8: Damage to Cytosolic and Endoplasmic Reticulum Activities

Question 1

How does metabolism of allyl alcohol become a toxic product?

Answer 1

Allyl alcohol is metabolized by alcohol dehydrogenase to acrolein, a toxic nonionic electrophile.

Question 2

Why can a cationic electrophile be more toxic than its nonionic equivalent?

Answer 2

Protonation of the nonionic electrophiles aziridinyl quinonones forms a hard electrophile that alkylates DNA.

Question 3

Why is benzene a leukemia agent when metabolized?

Answer 3

It forms a phenoxy radical that is a nucleophile.

Question 4

What kinds of toxic mechanisms does acetaminophen overdose cause?

Question 5

What separates the effects of calcium from causing apoptosis to necrosis?

Question 6

Indicate how an iron chelating agent can be a specific antidote and how that would work.