Deck 34: Stochastic Effects of Radiation

Question 1

A study of an irradiated population which showed a relative risk factor below 1.0 would indicate that the population had a _____ risk.

A) slight
B) no
C) reduced
D) very high

Answer 1

reduced

Question 2

People who had radiation treatments to their thymus gland as children later showed excess risk for _____.

A) bone cancers
B) skin cancers
C) leukemia
D) thyroid cancers

Answer 2

thyroid cancers

Question 3

The threshold dose for cataract formation is known to be _____ mSv of acute exposure to the eyes.

A) 2
B) 4
C) 10
D) 20

Answer 3

2

Question 4

Radiation induced skin cancer in radiotherapy patients has occurred with _____.

A) a threshold dose-response
B) a nonthreshold dose-response
C) 100% of the patients treated
D) 50% of the patients treated

Question 5

Studies of A-bomb survivors indicate that leukemia has a _____ dose-response relationship to radiation.

A) nonlinear, threshold
B) linear, threshold
C) linear, nonthreshold
D) nonlinear, nonthreshold

Question 6

Data showing radiation-induced human genetic abnormalities _____.

A) does not exist
B) indicates responses to low doses
C) indicates responses to high doses
D) is being studied by the BEIR

Question 7

A _____ effect increases in incidence but not severity as the dose increases.

A) non-stochastic
B) stochastic
C) deterministic
D) localized

Question 8

The most radiosensitive period during pregnancy for radiation induced congenital abnormalities is during the _____.

A) first 2 weeks
B) first trimester
C) second trimester
D) third trimester

Question 9

Relative risk is _____.

A) expected cases/observed cases
B) observed cases/expected cases
C) observed cases - expected cases
D) expected cases - observed cases

Question 10

Low doses of radiation have been shown to cause _____.

A) chromosome damage
B) loss of fertility
C) cataracts
D) radiodermatitis

Question 11

People who were employed painting radium watch dials later showed excess risk for _____ cancer.

A) bone
B) stomach
C) thyroid
D) mouth

Question 12

The theory of radiation hormesis suggests that radiation doses below 0.1 mGy are _____.

A) carcinogenic
B) beneficial
C) lethal
D) harmful

Question 13

_____ is a stochastic effect of radiation exposure.

A) Erythema
B) Epilation
C) Cancer
D) Nausea

Question 14

Our information on the genetic effects of radiation has come from studies of _____.

A) mice
B) fruit flies
C) humans
D) both A and B

Question 15

Radiation protection guidelines are based on _____.

A) stochastic effects of radiation
B) deterministic effects of radiation
C) lethal effects of radiation
D) both A and B

Question 16

Radiation-induced leukemia has a latent period of _____ years.

A) 1-2
B) 4-7
C) 5-10
D) 15-20

Question 17

Chronic low doses of radiation have _____ effect on fertility.

A) no
B) an increasing
C) a strong
D) a weak

Question 18

Ankylosing spondylitis patients treated with radiation showed an increased incidence of _____.

A) leukemia
B) cancer
C) early death
D) infertility

Question 19

An epidemiological study of the stochastic effects of very low doses of radiation requires a population of _____ of people.

A) millions
B) thousands
C) hundreds
D) dozens

Question 20

It is difficult to link cancer to radiation exposure because it occurs _____ in the population.

A) with severity
B) very rarely
C) in high proportion
D) only in the elderly