Deck 12: Radical and Critical Theories

Question 1

Left realists charge that Marxist criminologists romanticize ordinary street crime and ignore the pain and suffering it causes.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Left realism offers a promising new theory of crime causation.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Peacemaking criminology is more of a religious/philosophical statement or movement than a theory of criminal behavior.

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Peacemaking criminology proposes to reduce crime by replacing a criminal justice system organized around principles of violence with one organized around principles of love and caring.

Question 5

Critical and radical criminology have been fully synonymous with Marxist criminology.

Question 6

Henry and Milovanovic suggested that instead of "critical criminology" the term constitutive criminology be used.

Question 7

It is simply true that the informal control system or informal mechanisms in the criminal justice system are excluded from the purview of traditional, mainstream criminology.

Question 8

Jeff Ferrell is the main name associated with cultural criminology.

Question 9

Peacemaking criminology believes that violence can be used when it is really necessary.

Question 10

Collins and Tittle were the chief proponents of peacemaking criminology.

Question 11

Constitutive criminology is a holistic conception of the relationship between the individual and society.

Question 12

Early left realists were primarily focused on violent crimes.

Question 13

Scholars have suggested that left realism may be useful for explaining crime and informing crime control policies in rural areas.

Question 14

Constitutive criminology draws attention to:

A) the contradictions of capitalism and the benefits of socialism
B) the suffering that crime brings to both law violators and the persons whom they offend
C) the language we use to construct the conceptual categories of "crime," "criminal," and "crime control" and the meanings we attach to them
D) injustices perpetrated in the name of justice
E) the need to redefine crime to incorporate violations of human rights

Question 15

Left realists have focused much of their attention on:

A) advocating for community policing, victim restitution, and other criminal justice system reforms
B) heightening awareness of white-collar and governmental crime
C) exposing corporate crime in Third World countries
D) analyzing the collapse of the Marxist economic order in eastern Europe
E) developing a universal code of justice

Question 16

Which of the following has drawn upon religious, humanist, and feminist traditions to advocate mediation, restitution, and offender reintegration in place of punitive responses to criminal offenders?

A) left realism
B) constitutive criminology
C) left idealism
D) Marxist criminology
E) peacemaking criminology

Question 17

Which of the following is usually included as a type of critical criminology?

A) constitutive criminology
B) left realist criminology
C) postmodernist criminology
D) a and c
E) all of the above

Question 18

Which of the following is a policy recommendation of constitutive criminology?

A) faith-based rehabilitation
B) social judo
C) narrative therapy
D) a and c
E) b and c

Question 19

Constitutive criminology is concerned with identifying:

A) relationships among those who commit crime
B) victims
C) cost of crimes
D) victim services
E) both a and b

Question 20

Hegemony is concerned with:

A) an overreliance on money
B) an overreliance on science
C) an overreliance on cultural values
D) an overreliance on gender
E) an overreliance on religion

Question 21

Which of the following is not component of peacemaking criminology?

A) conflict resolution
B) restitution
C) mediation
D) reintegration
E) reconciliation

Question 22

Quinney described crime as a form of:

A) suffering
B) revenge
C) resistance
D) rebellion
E) motivation

Question 23

Before peacemaking was formally named and identified, the approach was being used:

A) with juveniles
B) with drug offenders
C) in prisons
D) with drug offenders
E) none of the above

Question 24

Which of the following has not been identified as a variety of critical or radical criminology?

A) constitutive criminology
B) peacemaking criminology
C) postmodern criminology
D) premodern criminology
E) cultural criminology

Question 25

Peacemaking criminology is founded on the beliefs of:

A) religion
B) humanism
C) Marxism
D) feminism
E) all of the above

Question 26

Compare and contrast left realism and constitutive criminology. In what sense can each be called a critical theory?

Question 27

In what sense are both left realism and peacemaking defined as critical criminology? In what sense is either or both different from and not properly classified as critical criminology? How are they consistent or inconsistent with "mainstream" criminology?

Question 28

Is left idealism a theory or a philosophical perspective? If it is not a theory, does that mean it has nothing to offer those studying the criminal justice system? Explain your answer.

Question 29

Explain how critical criminology is an extension of Marxist theory. Provide examples.

Question 30

What exactly is meant by postmodern theory? How does it differ from traditional theory? Can postmodern theories be tested?

Question 31

What are the three components of constitutive criminology provided by Henry and Milovanovic? Explain each component.

Question 32

Compare and contrast left realism and left idealism.

Question 33

How does critical criminology differ from Marxist criminology?

Question 34

What are the logical inconsistencies peacemaking criminology suffers? Do you think these could be remedied to improve the theory?

Question 35

What is the main concern of postmodernism, and how the theory aim to solve this problem?